Staff Profile

My roles and responsibilities

Childhood Cancer Theme Leader

Institute GM Chair

Research Fellow of the University Sains Malaysia, Penang

My research interests

Leukaemic fusion genes as initiating and driving events in leukaemogenesis

Therapeutic interference with fusion gene function

Regulation of leukaemic self-renewal

Development of non-genotoxic treatments for childhood leukaemias

Current research group (shared with Josef Vormoor)

Helen Blair, PhD                                                        

Milene Dalmina, PhD student                                   

Alex Elder, PhD                                                        

Asmida Isa, PhD student

Hasan Issa, PhD student

Lynsey McKenzie, PhD

Hesta McNeill

Shalini Moorthy, PhD student

Ryan Nelson

Deepali Pal, PhD, NC3R Training Fellow

Ricky Tirtakusuma, PhD student

Research Interests

Oncogenic fusion genes

Current Work

Role of AML1/MTG8 (RUNX1/RUNX1T1) in leukaemic persistence
Role of MLL/AF4 (MLL/MLLT2) in leukaemic persistence
Systemic delivery of antileukaemic siRNAs

Esteem Indicators

Reviewer for the Leukaemia Research Fund, Children with Leukaemia, Cancer Research UK, Yorkshire Cancer Research.
Reviewer for Blood, Journal of Drug Targeting, Angewandte Chemie, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Oligonucleotides, Cancer Letters, Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, Oncogene, Cancer Investigation.

Funding

Primitive Progenitor/Stem Cells in Philadelphia Chromosome-positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia; Leukaemia Research Fund; £140,299, 01 Dec 2008 - 30 Nov 2010

The Role of RUNX1/RUNX1T1 in Therapy Induced Leukaemia (PhD studentship); JGW Patterson Foundation; £88,381; 01 Oct 2008 - 30 Sep 2011

The role of MLL/AF4 in Leukaemic Maintenance; Leukaemia Research Fund; £212,884; 01 Sep 2008 - 31 Aug 2011

AML1/MTG8 - an addictive oncogone? Kay Kendall Leukaemia Fund; £112,028; 01 Jul 2008 - 30 Jun 2010

NECCR PhD Studentship; North of England Childrens Cancer Research Fund; £32,242.33; 01 Mar 2007 - 30 Sep 2010

Patents

Eckstein F, Pieken W, Benseler F, Olsen DB, Williams DM, Heidenreich O: Modified ribozymes. 91916858; 23.09.1991

Heidenreich O, Vornlocher H-P, Kreutzer R, Limmer S: Method for inhibiting the expression of a target gene resulting from a chromosome aberration. EP 200300608; 22.01.2003

Heidenreich O, Hadwiger P, Vornlocher H-P: RNAi modulation of MLL-AF4 and uses thereof. US Serial No. 60/635,936; 6.12.2005

• Sinclair PB, Blair HH, Ryan SL, Buechler L, Cheng J, Clayton J, Hanna R, Hollern S, Hawking Z, Bashton M, Schwab CJ, Jones L, Russell LJ, Marr H, Carey P, Halsey C, Heidenreich O, Moorman AV, Harrison CJ. Dynamic clonal progression in xenografts of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21. Haematologica 2018, 103, 634-644.
• Horowitz M, Schreiber H, Elder A, Heidenreich O, Vormoor J, Toffalori C, Vago L, Kroger N. Epidemiology and biology of relapse after stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2018, 53(11), 1379-1389.
• Fordham SE, Blair HJ, Elstob CJ, Plummer R, Drew Y, Curtin NJ, Heidenreich O, Pal D, Jamieson D, Park C, Pollard J, Fields S, Milne P, Jackson GH, Marr HJ, Menne T, Jones GJ, Allan JM. Inhibition of ATR acutely sensitises acute myeloid leukemia cells to nucleoside analogs that target ribonucleotide reductase. Blood Advances 2018, 2(10), 1157-1169.
• Garrido Castro P, van Roon EHJ, Pinhancos SS, Trentin L, Schneider P, Kerstjens M, te Kronnie G, Heidenreich O, Pieters R, Stam RW. The HDAC inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) exerts in vivo anti-leukaemic activity against MLL-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and involves the RNF20/RNF40/WAC-H2B ubiquitination axis. Leukemia 2018, 32(2), 323-331.
• Meyer C, Burmeister T, Groger D, Tsaur G, Fechina L, Renneville A, Sutton R, Venn NC, Emerenciano M, Pombo-De-Oliveira MS, Barbieri Blunck C, Almeida Lopes B, Zuna J, Trka J, Ballerini P, Lapillonne H, De Braekeleer M, Cazzaniga G, Corral Abascal L, Van Der Velden VHJ, Delabesse E, Park TS, Oh SH, Silva MLM, Lund-Aho T, Juvonen V, Moore AS, Heidenreich O, Vormoor J, Zerkalenkova E, Olshanskaya Y, Bueno C, Menendez P, Teigler-Schlegel A, Zur Stadt U, Lentes J, Gohring G, Kustanovich A, Aleinikova O, Schafer BW, Kubetzko S, Madsen HO, Gruhn B, Duarte X, Gameiro P, Lippert E, Bidet A, Cayuela JM, Clappier E, Alonso CN, Zwaan CM, Van Den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Izraeli S, Trakhtenbrot L, Archer P, Hancock J, Moricke A, Alten J, Schrappe M, Stanulla M, Strehl S, Attarbaschi A, Dworzak M, Haas OA, Panzer-Grumayer R, Sedek L, Szczepa T, Caye A, Suarez L, Cave H, Marschalek R. The MLL recombinome of acute leukemias in 2017. Leukemia 2018, 32(2), 273-284.
• Elder A, Bomken S, Wilson I, Blair HJ, Cockell S, Ponthan F, Dormon K, Pal D, Heidenreich O, Vormoor J. Abundant and equipotent founder cells establish and maintain acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia 2017, 31, 2577-2586.
• Kerry J, Godfrey L, Repapi E, Tapia M, Blackledge NP, Ma H, Ballabio E, O'Byrne S, Ponthan F, Heidenreich O, Roy A, Roberts I, Konopleva M, Klose RJ, Geng H, Milne TA. MLL-AF4 Spreading Identifies Binding Sites that Are Distinct from Super-Enhancers and that Govern Sensitivity to DOT1L Inhibition in Leukemia. Cell Reports 2017, 18(2), 482-495.
• Loke J, Assi SA, Imperato MR, Ptasinska A, Cauchy P, Grabovska Y, Soria NM, Raghavan M, Delwel HR, Cockerill PN, Heidenreich O, Bonifer C. RUNX1-ETO and RUNX1-EVI1 Differentially Reprogram the Chromatin Landscape in t(8;21) and t(3;21) AML. Cell Reports 2017, 19(8), 1654-1668.
• Weiland J, Pal D, Case M, Irving J, Ponthan F, Koschmieder S, Heidenreich O, von Stackelberg A, Eckert C, Vormoor J, Elder A. BCP-ALL blasts are not dependent on CD19 expression for leukaemic maintenance. Leukemia 2016, 30(9), 1920–1923.
• Pal D, Heidenreich O, Vormoor J. Dormancy Stems the Tide of Chemotherapy. Cancer Cell 2016, 30(6), 825-826.
• Pal D, Blair HJ, Elder A, Dormon K, Rennie KJ, Coleman DJL, Weiland J, Rankin KS, Filby A, Heidenreich O, Vormoor J. Long-term in vitro maintenance of clonal abundance and leukaemia-initiating potential in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia 2016, 30, 1691-1700.
• Williams MT, Yousafzai YM, Elder A, Rehe K, Bomken S, Frishman-Levy L, Tavor S, Sinclair P, Dormon K, Masic D, Perry T, Weston VJ, Kearns P, Blair H, Russell LJ, Heidenreich O, Irving JA, Izraeli S, Vormoor J, Graham GJ, Halsey C. The ability to cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is a generic property of acute lymphoblastic leukemia blasts. Blood 2016, 127(16), 1998-2006.
• Forster VJ, Nahari MH, Martinez-Soria N, Bradburn AK, Ptasinska A, Assi SA, Fordham SE, McNeil H, Bonifer C, Heidenreich O, Allan JM. The leukemia-associated RUNX1/ETO oncoprotein confers a mutator phenotype. Leukemia 2016, 30(1), 250-253.
• Goyama S, Schibler J, Gasilina A, Shrestha M, Lin S, Link KA, Chen J, Whitman SP, Bloomfield CD, Nicolet D, Assi SA, Ptasinska A, Heidenreich O, Bonifer C, Kitamura T, Nassar NN, Mulloy JC. UBASH3B/Sts-1-CBL axis regulates myeloid proliferation in human preleukemia induced by AML1-ETO. Leukemia 2016, 30(3), 728-739.
• Sinclair P, Cheng J, Raninga P, Hanna R, Hollern S, Enshaei A, Blair H, Nakjang S, Ryan S, Eswaran J, Buechler L, Heidenreich O, Harrison C. A Targeted Functional Clone Tracking Assay for the Identification of Tumour Suppressor Genes in BCP- ALL Implicates the Transcription Factors FOXO3 and PRDM1. In: 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting. 2015, Orlando, FL, USA: American Society of Hematology.
• Dormon K, Latif ES, Bashton M, Pal D, Selby M, Blair H, Rand V, Hall AG, Vormoor J, Heidenreich O. A Whole Genome In Vivo Crispr Screen in Primary ALL Predicts Leukaemic Relapse. In: ASH 2015 Annual Meeting. 2015, Orlando, USA: American Society of Hematology.
• Weiland J, Elder A, Forster V, Heidenreich O, Koschmieder S, Vormoor J. CD19: A multifunctional immunological target molecule and its implications for Blineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2015, 62(7), 1144-1148.
• Yousafzai YM, Williams MTS, Bhatti S, Cousins A, Rehe K, Bomken S, Sinclair P, Weston VJ, Russell LJ, Heidenreich O, Irving JAE, Vormoor J, Graham GJ, Halsey C. Childhood pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells capable of central nervous system engraftment are common, heterogeneous and transit the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. In: 55th Annual Scientific Meeting of the British Society for Haematology. 2015, Edinburgh, UK: Wiley.
• Bourquin JP, Fischer U, Forster M, Rinaldil A, Risch T, Sungalee S, Hans-Jorg W, Bornhauser B, Michael G, Christina K, Adrian S, Marc S, Catherine W, Amstislavskiy V, Baruchel A, Thies B, Giuseppe B, Gunnar C, Helene C, Dardanel D, Mauro D, Dobay MP, Eckert C, Ellinghaus E, Eugster S, Frismantas V, Ginzel S, Haas O, Heidenreich O, Hemmrich-Stanisak G, Hezaveh K, Holl J, Homhardt S, Husemann P, te Kronnie G, Lehrach H, Marovca B, Niggli F, McHardy A, Moorman A, Panzer-Grumayer R, Petersen BS, Raeder B, Ralser M, Rosenstiel P, Schafer D, Schrappe M, Schreiber S, Schutte M, Stade B, Tchindal J, Thiele R, Vora A, Zaliova M, Zichner T, Zimmermann M, Borkhardt A, Franke A, Korbel JO, Stanulla M, Yaspo ML. Genomic and Drug Response Profiling of Fatal TCF3-HLF-Positive Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Identifies Recurrent Mutation Patterns and Novel Therapeutic Options. In: 20th Congress of the European Hematology Association. 2015, Vienna, Austria: Fondazione Ferrata Storti.
• Fischer U, Forster M, Rinaldi A, Risch T, Sungalee S, Warnatz HJ, Bornhauser B, Gombert M, Kratsch C, Stutz AM, Sultan M, Tchinda J, Worth CL, Amstislavskiy V, Badarinarayan N, Baruchel A, Bartram T, Basso G, Canpolat C, Cario G, Cave H, Dakaj D, Delorenzi M, Dobay MP, Eckert C, Ellinghaus E, Eugster S, Frismantas V, Ginzel S, Haas OA, Heidenreich O, Hemmrich-Stanisak G, Hezaveh K, Holl JI, Hornhardt S, Husemann P, Kachroo P, Kratz CP, te Kronnie G, Marovca B, Niggli F, McHardy AC, Moorman AV, Panzer-Grumayer R, Petersen BS, Raeder B, Ralser M, Rosenstiel P, Schafer D, Schrappe M, Schreiber S, Schutte M, Stade B, Thiele R, von der Weid N, Vora A, Zaliova M, Zhang LH, Zichner T, Zimmermann M, Lehrach H, Borkhardt A, Bourquin JP, Franke A, Korbel JO, Stanulla M, Yaspo ML. Genomics and drug profiling of fatal TCF3-HLF-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia identifies recurrent mutation patterns and therapeutic options. Nature Genetics 2015, 47(9), 1020-1029.
• Elder A, Blair H, Dormon K, Bomken S, Cockell SJ, Heidenreich O, Vormoor J. High Abundance of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Founder Clones Does Not Translate to Functional Heterogeneity. In: 57th ASH Annual Meeting. 2015, Orlando, USA: American Society of Hematology.
• Martinez N, McKenzie LM, Nakang S, Ptasinska A, Assi SA, Bonifer C, Heidenreich O. Identification of RUNX1/ETO Targets Required for Leukaemic Propagation. In: HAEMATOLOGICA. 2015, Vienna, Austria: Fondazione Ferrata Storti.
• Bell N, Blair H, Noble R, Price L, Wood K, Vormoor J, Bacon C, Rand V, Heidenreich O, Wedge S, Bomken S. Patient-derived xenograft and in vivo bioluminescent modelling of B-cell NHL. In: Fifth International Symposium on Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. 2015, Varese, Italy: Wiley-Blackwell.
• Forster V, Nahari M, Martinez-Soria N, Bradburn A, Ptasinska A, Assi S, McNeill H, Bonifer C, Heidenreich O, Allan J. The Leukemia-Associated RUNX1/ETO Oncoprotein Confers a Mutator Phenotype. In: 20th Congress of the European Hematology Association. 2015, Vienna, Austria: Fondazione Ferrata Storti.
• Eswaran J, Sinclair P, Heidenreich O, Irving J, Russell LJ, Hall A, Calado DP, Harrison CJ, Vormoor J. The pre-B-cell receptor checkpoint in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia 2015, 29(8), 1623-1631.
• Vormoor B, Knizia HK, Batey MA, Almeida GS, Wilson I, Dildey P, Sharma A, Blair H, Hide IG, Heidenreich O, Vormoor J, Maxwell RJ, Bacon CM. Development of a Preclinical Orthotopic Xenograft Model of Ewing Sarcoma and Other Human Malignant Bone Disease Using Advanced In Vivo Imaging. PLoS ONE 2014, 9(1), e85128.
• Scherr M, Elder A, Battmer K, Barzan D, Bomken S, Ricke-Hoch M, Schröder A, Venturini L, Blair HJ, Vormoor J, Ottmann O, Ganser A, Pich A, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Heidenreich O, Eder M. Differential expression of miR-17~92 identifies BCL2 as a therapeutic target in BCR-ABL-positive B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2014, 28, 554-565.
• Ptasinska A, Assi SA, Martinez-Soria N, Imperato MR, Piper J, Cauchy P, Pickin A, James SR, Hoogenkamp M, Williamson D, Wu MC, Tenen DG, Ott S, Westhead DR, Cockerill PN, Heidenreich O, Bonifer C. Identification of a Dynamic Core Transcriptional Network in t(8;21) AML that Regulates Differentiation Block and Self-Renewal. Cell Reports 2014, 8(6), 1974-1988.
• Breig O, Bras S, Soria NM, Osman D, Heidenreich O, Haenlin M, Waltzer L. Pontin is a critical regulator for AML1-ETO-induced leukemia. Leukemia 2014, 28(6), 1271-1279.
• Batey MA, Ponthan F, Blair HJ, Heidenreich O. The development and evaluation of a series of novel in vivo imaging models of AML for the assessment of drug efficacy. In: AACR Annual Meeting 2014. 2014, San Diego, CA: American Association for Cancer Research.
• Rehe K, Wilson K, Bomken S, Williamson D, Irving J, den Boer ML, Stanulla M, Schrappe M, Hall AG, Heidenreich O, Vormoor J. Acute B lymphoblastic leukaemia-propagating cells are present at high frequency in diverse lymphoblast populations. EMBO Molecular Medicine 2013, 5(1), 38-51.
• Omedes Pujol M, Coleman DJL, Allen CD, Heidenreich O, Fulton DA. Determination of key structure-activity relationships in siRNA delivery with a mixed micelle system. Journal of Controlled Release 2013, 172(3), 939-945.
• Ptasinska A, Assi S, Williamson D, Cauchy P, Tenen D, Cockerill P, Westhead D, Heidenreich O, Bonifer C. Identification of a Dynamic Core Transcriptional Regulatory Network for t(8;21) AML. In: 42nd Annual Scientific Meeting of ISEH - Society for Hematology and Stem Cells. 2013, Vienna, Austria: Elsevier Inc.
• Bomken S, Buechler L, Rehe K, Ponthan F, Elder A, Blair H, Bacon CM, Vormoor J, Heidenreich O. Lentiviral marking of patient-derived acute lymphoblastic leukaemic cells allows in vivo tracking of disease progression. Leukemia 2013, 27(3), 718-721.
• Ray D, Kwon SY, Tagoh H, Heidenreich O, Ptasinska A, Bonifer C. Lineage-inappropriate PAX5 expression in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia requires signaling-mediated abrogation of polycomb repression. Blood 2013, 122(5), 759-769.
• van Asbeck AH, Beyerle A, McNeill H, Bovee-Geurts PHM, Lindberg S, Verdurmen WPR, Hällbrink M, Langel U, Heidenreich O, Brock R. Molecular Parameters of siRNA–Cell Penetrating Peptide Nanocomplexes for Efficient Cellular Delivery. ACS Nano 2013, 7(5), 3797-3807.
• Meyer C, Hofmann J, Burmeister T, Groger D, Park TS, Emerenciano M, de Oliveira MP, Renneville A, Villarese P, Macintyre E, Cave H, Clappier E, Mass-Malo K, Zuna J, Trka J, De Braekeleer E, De Braekeleer M, Oh SH, Tsaur G, Fechina L, van der Velden VHJ, van Dongen JJM, Delabesse E, Binato R, Silva MLM, Kustanovich A, Aleinikova O, Harris MH, Lund-Aho T, Juvonen V, Heidenreich O, Vormoor J, Choi WWL, Jarosova M, Kolenova A, Bueno C, Menendez P, Wehner S, Eckert C, Talmant P, Tondeur S, Lippert E, Launay E, Henry C, Ballerini P, Lapillone H, Callanan MB, Cayuela JM, Herbaux C, Cazzaniga G, Kakadiya PM, Bohlander S, Ahlmann M, Choi JR, Gameiro P, Lee DS, Krauter J, Cornillet-Lefebvre P, Kronnie GT, Schafer BW, Kubetzko S, Alonso CN, Stadt UZ, Sutton R, Venn NC, Izraeli S, Trakhtenbrot L, Madsen HO, Archer P, Hancock J, Cerveira N, Teixeira MR, Lo Nigro L, Moricke A, Stanulla M, Schrappe M, Sedek L, Szczepanski T, Zwaan CM, Coenen EA, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Strehl S, Dworzak M, Panzer-Grumayer R, Dingermann T, Klingebiel T, Marschalek R. The MLL recombinome of acute leukemias in 2013. Leukemia 2013, 27(11), 2165-2176.
• Dunne J, Mannari D, Farzaneh T, Gessner A, van Delft FW, Heidenreich O, Young BD, Gascoyne DM. AML1/ETO and POU4F1 synergy drives B-lymphoid gene expression typical of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2012, 26(5), 1131-1135.
• Ptasinska A, Assi SA, Mannari D, James SR, Williamson D, Dunne J, Hoogenkamp M, Wu M, Care M, McNeill H, Cauchy P, Cullen M, Tooze RM, Tenen DG, Young BD, Cockerill PN, Westhead DR, Heidenreich O, Bonifer C. Depletion of RUNX1/ETO in t(8;21) AML cells leads to genome-wide changes in chromatin structure and transcription factor binding. Leukemia 2012, 26(8), 1829-1841.
• Grinev VV, Posrednik DV, Heidenreich O. Effective and specific control of aml1/eto gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia cells by lentivector-based RNA-interference. Molecular Biology 2011, 45(2), 300-308.
• Duque-Afonso J, Yalcin A, Berg T, Abdelkarim M, Heidenreich O, Lübbert M. The HDAC class I-specific inhibitor entinostat (MS-275) effectively relieves epigenetic silencing of the LAT2 gene mediated by AML1/ET. Oncogene 2011, 30(27), 3062-3072.
• Dunne J, Gascoyne DM, Lister TA, Brady HJ, Heidenreich O, Young BD. AML1/ETO proteins control POU4F1/BRN3A expression and function in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Research 2010, 70(10), 3985-3995.
• Gessner A, Thomas M, Garrido Castro P, Büchler L, Scholz A, Brümmendorf TH, Martinez Soria N, Vormoor J, Greil J, Heidenreich O. Leukemic fusion genes MLL/AF4 and AML1/MTG8 support leukemic self-renewal by controlling expression of the telomerase subunit TERT. Leukemia 2010, 24(10), 1751-1759.
• Werth D, Grassi G, Konjer N, Dapas B, Farra R, Giansante C, Kandolf R, Guarnieri G, Nordheim A, Heidenreich O. Proliferation of human primary vascular smooth muscle cells depends on serum response factor. European Journal of Cell Biology 2010, 89(2-3), 216-224.
• Bomken S, Fiser K, Heidenreich O, Vormoor J. Understanding the cancer stem cell. British Journal of Cancer 2010, 103(4), 439-445.
• Osman D, Gobert V, Ponthan FM, Heidenreich O, Haenlin M, Waltzer L. A Drosophila model identifies calpains as modulators of the human leukemogenic fusion protein AML1-ETO. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2009, 106(29), 12043-12048.
• Russell LJ, Capasso M, Vater I, Akasaka T, Bernard OA, Calasanz MJ, Chandrasekaran T, Chapiro E, Gesk S, Griffiths M, Guttery DS, Haferlach C, Harder L, Heidenreich O, Irving JAE, Kearney L, Nguyen-Khac F, Machado L, Minto L, Majid A, Moorman AV, Morrison H, Rand V, Strefford JC, Schwab CJ, Tonnies H, Dyer MJ, Siebert R, Harrison CJ. Deregulated expression of cytokine receptor gene, CRLF2, is involved in lymphoid transformation in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2009, 114(13), 2688-2698.
• Martinez Soria N, Tussiwand R, Ziegler P, Manz MG, Heidenreich O. Transient depletion of RUNX1/RUNX1T1 by RNA interference delays tumour formation in vivo. Leukemia 2008, 23(1), 188-190.
• Thomas M, Gessner A, Vornlocher HP, Hadwiger P, Greil J, Heidenreich O. Targeting MLL-AF4 with short interfering RNAs inhibits clonogenicity and engraftment of t(4;11)-positive human leukemic cells. Blood 2005, 106(10), 3559-3566.
• Martinez N, Drescher B, Riehle H, Cullmann C, Vornlocher HP, Ganser A, Heil G, Nordheim A, Krauter J, Heidenreich O. The oncogenic fusion protein RUNX1-CBFA2T1 supports proliferation and inhibits senescence in t(8;21)-positive leukaemic cells. BMC Cancer 2004, 4(1), 44.
• Heidenreich O, Krauter J, Riehle H, Hadwiger P, John M, Heil G, Vornlocher HP, Nordheim A. AML1/MTG8 oncogene suppression by small interfering RNAs supports myeloid differentiation of t(8;21)-positive leukemic cells. Blood 2003, 101(8), 3157-3163.
• Scherr M, Battmer K, Winkler T, Heidenreich O, Ganser A, Eder M. Specific inhibition of bcr-abl gene expression by small interfering RNA. Blood 2003, 101(4), 1566-1569.