Staff Profile
Professor Lindsay Pennington
Professor of Childhood Neurodisability
- Telephone: +44 (0) 191 282 1360
- Personal Website: https://www.ncl.ac.uk/medical-sciences/research/institutes/population-health/
- Address: Population Health Sciences Institute
Faculty of Medical Sciences
Newcastle University
Royal Victoria Infirmary
(Sir James Spence Institute)
Queen Victoria Road
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 4LP
Introduction
I am a Professor of Childhood Neurodisability and Honorary Consultant Speech and Language Therapist. My research largely focuses on causes and prevalence of communication disorders in childhood neurodisability, the impact of these disorders on young people's health and well-being and the effectiveness and acceptability of health and social care interventions. I also have an interest in children's eating and drinking difficulties and the organisation and delivery of multi-sector care to children.
Areas of expertise
Childhood neurodisability, communication development, motor speech disorders, complex disability, speech and language therapy, allied health professions, parent training programmes, early intervention, eating and drinking, outcome measurement
Roles and Responsibilities
- Newcastle University lead for Newcastle Health Innovation Partners Academy training programmes for Nurses, Midwives, Allied Health Professionals, Pharmacists and Healthcare Scientists
- Editor in Chief International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders
- Editorial Board member Augmentative & Alternative Communication - AAC
Qualifications
BSc Speech Sciences, 1987, University College London
MSc Human Communication, 1992, Institute of Neurology, University of London
PhD Human Communication, 1997, University College London
Previous positions
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Career Development Fellow, Newcastle University, 2008-2012
Principal Research Associate, Newcastle University, 2004-2013
Department of Health / The Health Foundation Primary Care Post Doctoral Research Fellow, Newcastle University, 2002-2006
Research Speech and Language Therapist, Department of Speech, Newcastle University, 2001- 2002
Research Fellow, Human Communication and Deafness Group, University of Manchester, 2000-2001
Senior Lecturer in Evidence Based Practice, University of Central Lancashire, 1988-2000
Research Speech and Language Therapist, Institute of Child Health, London, 1990-1996
Speech and Language Therapist, Scope, Waltham Forest Health Authority, Southport and Formby Health Authority, 1987-1990
Honours and Awards
NIHR Career Development Fellowship
Department of Health / Health Foundation Primary Care Post Doctoral Research Fellow
Google scholar: Click here.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4540-2586
SCOPUS: Click here.
Research Interests
- Communication development of children with neurodisability
- Motor speech disorders in childhood
- Organisation and delivery of multi-sector services for children with neurodisability
- Clinical effectiveness and acceptability of allied health interventions for young people with neurodisability
- Participation and quality of life of young people with neurodisability
Research Roles
I am principal investigator on a number of projects
Postgraduate Supervision
I currently supervise four postgraduate students
Esteem Indicators
RECENT INVITED PRESENTATIONS
Focus-Cerebralparese-Congress 2016. Munich, Germany. 2016; Early Intervention State of the Science Pre-Conference Symposium International Cerebral Palsy Conference, Stockholm, 1-2 June, 2016; Paediatric Dysarthria Masterclass. Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2 July 2015; Early Detection and Early Neurorehabilitation in CP Summit. Vienna 1-2 July 2014
Funding
Selected current and recently completed funded projects
Pennington L, Morris C, Allard A, Parr J, Haining S, Grahame V, Boyle C, Exley C, Platts L, Teare, Bola K, Yu G, Heslop P. (2021-2022) Recovery, Renewal and Reset of Services to Disabled Children. NIHR Policy Research Programme (PRP).
Pennington L, Khattab G, Ryan V, Cunningham S, Seghal S. (2020-2021) Mechanisms of change underlying increased intelligibility for children with cerebral palsy following speech and language therapy focusing on breath support and speech rate. NIHR Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) Programme.
Pennington L, Smith M, Best W, Bola K, Dockerell J, Lynch Y, Lyons R, McCarthy L, Spratt T, Stringer H, Reeves L, Webster R, Wren Y. (2021-2022) Collaborative Research Network on Children’s Communicative Participation. ESRC-IRC
Armitage S, Pennington L, Kolehmainen N, Basu A, Rapley T. (2020-2021) Introducing telehealth in children’s therapy services: learning from Covid-19 innovations to inform future practice. Elizabeth Casson Trust.
Pennington L, Geytenbeek J, Clarke M, Murray J, Laws J, Sargent J, Swettenham J, Lachkovic J (2020-2021) Validation of a low motor assessment of language comprehension: The UK C-BiLLT. Action Medical Research and Joint Research Executive Scientific Committee of the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals Foundation Trust.
Kolehmainen N, Armitage S, Brooks R, McAnuff J, Duff C, Pennington L (2018-2020) Enabling self-care in children with developmental disabilities: pre-protocol research for a cluster randomised trial. UK Occupational Therapy Research Foundation, Royal College of Occupational Therapists.
McAnuff J, Crombie S, Gibson J, Grayston A, Kaur Bola K, Pennington L, Webster R (2018-2020) RAISE – Researching Allied health In Schools and Education. British Academy of Childhood Disability and The Castang Foundation.
Parr JR, Pennington L, Craig D, Colver A, McColl E, McConachie H (2017-2019) Eating interventions for children with neurodisability National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Heath Technology Assessment Programme
Pennington L, Olivier P, Balaam M, Basu A. (2015-2016) Participatory design of smart phone technology to support speech therapy for very young children with cerebral palsy. Sparks.
Pennington L, Smith J, Balaam M, Brittain K, Robson S, Steen N, Vale L. (2014-2016) FIDELITY: Feasibility of Internet DELivery of Intensive TherapY for children with motor speech disorders and cerebral palsy. NIHR Research for Patient Benefit Programme.
Undergraduate teaching
BSc and MSc Speech and Language Sciences: childhood motor speech disorder
Speech and Language Sciences Dissertations Projects
Biomedical Sciences Dissertation Projects
-
Articles
- Perret C, Alvarelhão J, Pennington L, Ehlinger V, Duffaut C, Arnaud C, Bagazgoïtia N. Assessing the Adequacy of the Physical, Social and Attitudinal Environment to the Specific Needs of Young Adults with Cerebral Palsy: the European Adult Environment Questionnaire. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2024, 105(5), 906-920.
- Pennington L, Cunningham S, Hiu S, Khattab G, Ryan V. The impact of the Speech Systems Approach on intelligibility for children with cerebral palsy: a secondary analysis. Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation 2023, 10(4).
- McAnuff J, Gibson J, Webster R, Kaur-Bola K, Crombie S, Grayston A, Pennington L. School-based allied health interventions for children and young people affected by neurodisability: A systematic evidence map. Disability and Rehabilitation 2023, 45(7), 1239-1257.
- Spaans IEM, Geytenbeek JJM, Vaillant E, de Kleijn MAMC, Buizer AI, Pennington L. Reliability and validity of the Dutch-language version of the Viking Speech Scale in children with cerebral palsy. Child: Care, Health and Development 2023, 49(3), 605-616.
- Seyhan-Biyik K, Esen-AydinlI F, Sel SA, Incebay O, Ozcebe E, Kerem-Gunel M, Anlar FB, Pennington L. Psychometric properties of the Viking Speech Scale—Turkish version for children with cerebral palsy aged 4–18 years based on live and video-based observation. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 2023, 58(3), 687-703.
- Mamasoula C, Bigirumurame T, Chadwick T, Addor M-C, Cavero-Carbonell C, Dias CM, Echevarria-Gonzalez-de-Garibay L-J, Gatt M, Khoshnood B, Klungsoyr K, Randall K, Stoianova S, Haeusler M, Nelen V, Neville AJ, Perthus I, Pierini A, Bertaut-Nativel B, Rissmann A, Rouget F, Schaub B, Tucker D, Wellesley D, Zymak-Zakutnia N, Barisic I, de Walle HEK, Lanzoni M, Sayers G, Mullaney C, Pennington L, Rankin J. Maternal age and the prevalence of congenital heart defects in Europe, 1995–2015: A register-based study. Birth Defects Research 2023, 115(6), 583-594.
- Merrick H, Driver H, Main C, Kenny RPW, Richmond C, Allard A, Bola K, Morris C, Parr JR, Pearson F, Pennington L. Impacts of health care service changes implemented due to COVID-19 on children and young people with long-term disability: A mapping review. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2023, 65(7), 885-899.
- Mamasoula C, Pennington L, Adesanya AM, Rankin J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of school and cognitive function domains of health-related quality of life measures for children and young adults with congenital heart disease. Birth Defects Research 2023, 116(1), e2275.
- Edney S, Basu AP, Harding C, Pennington L. Short-term feeding outcomes after neonatal brain injury. Journal of Neonatal Nursing 2022, 28(4), 265-269.
- Sellers D, Pennington L, Bryant E, Benfer K, Weir K, Aboagye S, Morris C. Mini‐EDACS: development of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System for young children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2022, 64(7), 897-906.
- Taylor H, Pennington L, Morris C, Craig D, McConachie H, Cadwgan J, Sellers D, Andrew M, Smith J, Garland D, McColl E, Buswell C, Thomas J, Colver A, Parr JR. Developing the FEEDS toolkit of parent-delivered interventions for eating, drinking and swallowing difficulties in young children with neurodisability: findings from a Delphi survey and stakeholder consultation workshops. BMJ Paediatrics Open 2022, 6(1), e001425.
- Armitage S, Rapley T, Pennington L, McAnuff J, McColl E, Kolehmainen N. Advancing cluster randomised trials in children’s therapy: A survey of the acceptability of trial behaviours to therapists and parents . BMC Trials 2022, 23, 958.
- Brooks R, Lambert C, Coulthard L, Pennington L, Kolehmainen N. Social participation to support good mental health in neurodisability. Child: Care, Health and Development 2021, 47(5), 675-684.
- Arnaud C, Duffaut C, Fauconnier J, Schmidt S, Himmelmann K, Marcelli M, Pennington L, Alvarelhao J, Cytera C, Rapp M, Ehlinger V, Thyen U. Determinants of participation and quality of life of young adults with cerebral palsy: longitudinal approach and comparison with the general population - SPARCLE 3 study protocol. BMC Neurology 2021, 21(1), 254.
- Taylor H, Pennington L, Craig D, Morris C, McConachie H, Cadwgan J, Sellers D, Andrew M, Smith J, Garland D, McColl E, Buswell C, Thomas J, Colver A, Parr J. Children with neurodisability and feeding difficulties: A UK survey of parent-delivered interventions. BMJ Paediatrics Open 2021, 5(1), e001095.
- Mei C, Reilly S, Bickerton M, Mensah F, Turner S, Kumaranayagam D, Pennington L, Reddihough D, Morgan A. Speech in children with cerebral palsy: Characteristics, associated factors, and the importance of a differential diagnosis. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2020, 62(12), 1374-1382.
- Mei C, Hodgson M, Reilly S, Fern B, Reddihough D, Mensah F, Pennington L, Losche A, Morgan A. Oromotor dysfunction in minimally verbal children with cerebral palsy: characteristics and associated factors. Disability and Rehabilitation 2020, n/a, n/a.
- Kolehmainen N, Marshall J, Hislop J, Kay D, Ternent L, Pennington L. Implementing participation-focused services: a study to develop the Method for using Audit and Feedback in Participation Implementation (MAPi). Child: Care, Health and Development 2020, 46(1), 37-45.
- Pennington L, Dave M, Rudd J, Hidecker MJC, Caynes K, Pearce MS. Communication disorders in young children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2020, 62(10), 1161-1169.
- Hackett SS, Zubala A, Aafjes-van Doorm K, Chadwick T, Harrison TL, Bourne J, Freeston M, Jahoda A, Taylor JL, Ariti C, McNamara R, Pennington L, McColl E, Kaner E. A randomised controlled feasibility study of interpersonal art psychotherapy for the treatment of aggression in people with intellectual disabilities in secure care. Pilot and Feasibility Studies 2020, 6(1), 180.
- Pennington L, Rauch R, Smith J, Brittain K. Views of children with cerebral palsy and their parents on the effectiveness and acceptability of intensive speech therapy. Disability and Rehabilitation 2019, 42(20), 2935-2943.
- Stockwell K, Alabdulqader E, Jackson D, Basu A, Olivier P, Pennington L. Feasibility of parent communication training with remote coaching using smartphone apps. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 2019, 54(2), 265-280.
- Stockwell C, Alabdulqader E, Jackson D, Basu A, Olivier P, Pennington L. Feasibility of communication training for parents of preschool children with motor disorders with remote coaching using smartphone apps. International Journal of Language and Communication 2019, 54(2), 265-280.
- Moffatt S, Tse Laurence M, Pennington L. Experiences of Grandparenting Disabled Children in the UK: A Qualitative Study of Intergenerational Relationships. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships 2019, 17(1), 58-73.
- Pennington L, Hustad KC. Construct Validity of the Viking Speech Scale. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 2019, 71(5-6), 228-237.
- Pennington L, Akor WA, Laws K, Goldbart J. Parent-mediated communication interventions for improving the communication skills of preschool children with non-progressive motor disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018, 7, CD012507.
- Pennington L, Stamp E, Smith J, Kelly H, Parker N, Stockwell K, Aluko P, Othman M, Brittain K, Vale L. Internet delivery of intensive speech and language therapy for children with cerebral palsy: A pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2018, 9(1), e024233.
- Parr JR, Todhunter E, Pennington L, Stocken D, Cadwgan J, O'Hare AE, Tuffrey C, Williams J, Cole M, Colver AF. Drooling Reduction Intervention randomised trial (DRI): comparing the efficacy and acceptability of hyoscine patches and glycopyrronium liquid on drooling in children with neurodisability. Archives of of Disease in Childhood 2018, 103, 371-376.
- Pennington L, Lombardo E, Steen N, Miller N. Acoustic changes in the speech of children with cerebral palsy following an intensive program of dysarthria therapy. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 2018, 53(1), 182-195.
- Kuschmann A, Miller N, Lowit A, Pennington L. Intonation patterns in older children with cerebral palsy before and after speech intervention. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 2017, 19(4), 370-380.
- Hackett SS, Taylor JL, Freeston M, Jahoda A, McColl E, Pennington L, Kaner E. Interpersonal art psychotherapy for the treatment of aggression in people with learning disabilities in secure care: a protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility study. Pilot and Feasibility Studies 2017, 3, 42.
- Mei C, Reilly S, Reddihough D, Mensah F, Pennington L, Morgan A. Language Outcomes of Children with Cerebral Palsy aged 5 years and 6 years: A Population-Based Study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2016, 58(6), 605-611.
- Sellier E, Platt MJ, Andersen GL, Krageloh-Mann I, De La Cruz J, Cans C, Cans C, Van Bakel M, Arnaud C, Delobel M, Chalmers J, McManus V, Lyons A, Parkes J, Dolk H, Himmelmann K, Pahlman M, Dowding V, Colver A, Pennington L, Horridge K, Kurinczuk J, Surman G, Platt MJ, Udall P, Rackauskaite G, Torrioli MG, Marcelli M, Andersen G, Julsen Hollung S, Bottos M, Gaffney G, De la Cruz J, Pallas C, Neubauer D, Jekovec-Vrhovsek M, Virella D, Andrada M, Greitane A, Hollody K, Sigurdardottir S, Einarsson I, Honold M, Rostasy K, Mejaski-Bosnjak V. Decreasing prevalence in cerebral palsy: A multi-site European population-based study, 1980 to 2003. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2016, 58(1), 85-92.
- Virella D, Pennington L, Andersen GL, Andrada MD, Greitane A, Himmelmann K, Prasauskiene A, Rackauskaite G, De La Cruz J, Colver A, Surveillance Cerebral Palsy Europe. Classification systems of communication for use in epidemiological surveillance of children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2016, 58(3), 285-291.
- Watson RM, Pennington L. Assessment and management of the communication difficulties of children with cerebral palsy: a UK survey of SLT practice. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 2015, 50(2), 241-259.
- Mei C, Reilly S, Reddihough D, Mensah F, Green J, Pennington L, Morgan AT. Activities and participation of children with cerebral palsy: parent perspectives. Disability and Rehabilitation 2015, 37(23), 2164-2173.
- Parr JR, Weldon E, Pennington L, Steen N, Williams J, Fairhurst C, O'Hare A, Lodh R, Colver A. The drooling reduction intervention trial (DRI): a single blind trial comparing the efficacy of glycopyrronium and hyoscine on drooling in children with neurodisability. Trials 2014, 15(60).
- Sellers D, Mandy A, Pennington L, Hankins M, Morris C. Development and reliability of a system to classify the eating and drinking ability of people with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2014, 56(3), 245-251.
- Landa S, Pennington L, Miller N, Robson S, Thompson V, Steen N. Association between objective measurement of the speech intelligibility of young people with dysarthria and listener ratings of ease of understanding. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 2014, 16(4), 408-416.
- Sellers D, Pennington L, Mandy A, Morris C. A systematic review of ordinal scales used to classify the eating and drinking abilities of individuals with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2014, 56(4), 312-322.
- Murray J, Martin A, Pennington L, Marshall J, Enderby P, Goldbart J. A case study template to support experimental design in Augmentative and Alternative Communication and Assistive Technology. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 2014, 9(1), 60-69.
- Pennington L, Roelant E, Thomson V, Robson S, Steen N, Miller N. Intensive dysarthria therapy for younger children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2013, 55(5), 464-471.
- Pennington L, Virella D, Mjøen T, daGraçaAndrada M, Murray J, Colver A, Himmelmann K, Rackauskaite G, Greitane A, Prasauskiene A, Andersen G, delaCruz J. Development of The Viking Speech Scale to classify the speech of children with cerebral palsy. Research in Developmental Disabilities 2013, 34(10), 3202-3210.
- Miller N, Pennington L, Robson S, Roelant E, Steen N, Lombardo E. Changes in voice quality after speech-language therapy intervention in older children with Cerebral Palsy. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 2013, 65(4), 200-207.
- Pennington L. Speech and communication in cerebral palsy. Eastern Journal of Medicine 2012, 17(4), 171-177.
- Parr JR, Buswell CA, Banerjee K, Fairhurst C, Williams J, OHare A, Pennington L. Management of drooling in children: a survey of UK paediatricians' clinical practice. Child: Care, Health and Development 2012, 38(2), 287-291.
- Pennington L, Miller N, Robson S, Steen N. Intensive speech and language therapy for older children with cerebral palsy: a systems approach. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2010, 52(4), 337-344.
- Pennington L, Noble E. Acceptability and usefulness of the group interaction training programme It Takes Two to Talk to parents of pre-school children with motor disorders. Child: Care, Health and Development 2010, 36(2), 285-296.
- French B, Thomas LH, Baker P, Burton CR, Pennington L, Roddam H. What can management theories offer evidence-based practice? A comparative analysis of measurement tools for organisational context. Implementation Science 2009, 4(28).
- Pennington L, Miller N, Robson S. Speech therapy for children with dysarthria acquired before three years of age. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, 2009(4), CD006937.
- Pennington L, Thomson K, James P, Martin K, McNally RJ. Effects of It Takes Two to Talk—The Hanen Program for Parents of Preschool Children With Cerebral Palsy: Findings From an Exploratory Study. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 2009, 52(5), 1121-1138.
- Pennington L, James P, McNally R, Pay H, McConachie H. Analysis of compositional data in communication disorders research. Journal of Communication Disorders 2009, 42(1), 18-28.
- Pennington L. Cerebral palsy and communication. Paediatrics and Child Health 2008, 18(9), 405-409.
- Bruton C, Pennington L, Roddam H, Russell I, Godfrey C, Russell D. The development and evaluation of a management tool to monitor the use of guidelines for the management of post-stroke dyphagia. Clinical Rehabilitation 2006, 20, 1-6.
- Pennington L, Goldbart J, Marshall J. Speech and language therapy to improve the communication skills of children with cerebral palsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, (3), CD003466.
-
Authored Book
- Pennington, L., Jolleff, N., McConachie, H., Wisbeach A. and Price K. 'My Turn to Speak': A Team Approach to Augmentative Communication. London: Institute of Child Health, 1993.
-
Book Chapters
- Miller N, Pennington L. Speech therapy for children with dysarthria and cerebral palsy. In: Roig-Quilis, M., Pennington, L, ed. Oromotor Disorders in Childhood. Barcelona: Viguera Editores, 2012, pp.265-284.
- Pennington L, Reilly S. Management of oromotor disorders in childhood. In: Roig-Quilis, M., Pennington, L, ed. Oromotor disorders in childhood. Barcelona: Viguera, 2012, pp.213-224.
-
Conference Proceedings (inc. Abstract)
- Sellers D, Pountney T, Pennington L, Morris C, Mandy A, Hankins M. Development of a functional classification system of eating and drinking ability for individuals with cerebral palsy. In: European Academy of Childhood Disability, 24th Annual Meeting. 2012, Istanbul, Turkey: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
-
Edited Book
- Roig-Quilis M, Pennington L, ed. Oromotor Disorders in Childhood. Barcelona, Spain: Viguera Editores, 2011.
-
Editorials
- Morgan AT, Hodge M, Pennington L. Scientific forum topic: Translating knowledge to practice in childhood dysarthria. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 2014, 16(4), 335-336.
- Pennington L. Development of communication by young people with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2014, 56(10), 917-918.
- Pennington L. Developing cohesive and strategic communication research. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2013, 55(9), 776-776.
- Pennington L. Measuring communication outcomes. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2010, 52(1), 7-8.
-
Notes
- Pennington L. Assessment and management of communication difficulties of children and young people with cerebral palsy. Bulletin of the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists 2021. In Press.
- Hackett SS, Zubala A, Aafjes-van Doorn K, Chadwick T, Harrison TL, Bourne J, Freeston M, Jahoda A, Taylor JL, Ariti C, McNamara R, Pennington L, McColl E, Kaner E. Correction to: A randomised controlled feasibility study of interpersonal art psychotherapy for the treatment of aggression in people with intellectual disabilities in secure care (Pilot and Feasibility Studies, (2020), 6, 1, (180), 10.1186/s40814-020-00703-0). Pilot and Feasibility Studies 2020, 6, 195.
-
Report
- Alabdulqader E, Stockwell K, Montague K, Jackson D, Balaam M, Monk A, Olivier P, Pennington L. Understanding the Therapeutic Coaching Needs for Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. 2017.
-
Reviews
- Novak I, Morgan C, Adde L, Brunstrom-Hernandez J, Blackman J, Boyd RN, Cioni G, Damiano D, Darrah J, deVries L, Eliasson AC, Einspieler C, Fahey M, Fehlings D, Ferriero DM, Fetters L, Fiori S, Forssberg H, Gordon AM, Greaves S, Guzzetta A, Harbourne R, Hadders-Algra M, Kakooza A, Karlsson P, Krumlinde-Sundholm L, Latal B, Loughran-Fowlds A, Maitre NL, McIntyre S, Noritz G, Pennington L, Romeo D, Shepherd RB, Spittle AJ, Thornton M, Valentine J, Walker K, White R, Badawi N. Early, accurate diagnosis and early intervention in cerebral palsy: Advances in diagnosis and treatment. JAMA Pediatrics 2017, 171(9), 897-907.
- Pennington L, Parker N, Kelly H, Miller N. Speech therapy for children with dysarthria acquired before three years of age. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, (7), CD006937.
- Walshe M, Smith M, Pennington L. Interventions for drooling in children with cerebral palsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, 2012(11), CD008624.
- Walshe M, Smith M, Pennington L. Interventions for drooling in children with cerebral palsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, (11), CD008624.
- Pennington L, Marshall J, Goldbart J. Describing participants in AAC research and their communicative environments: Guidelines for research and practice. Disability and Rehabilitation 2007, 29(7), 521-535.