Staff Profile
Dr Kim Pearce
Senior Statistician
- Telephone: +44 (0) 191 208 8142
- Address: Faculty of Medical Sciences Graduate School
Room 3.14 3rd Floor
Ridley Building 1
Newcastle University
Queen Victoria Road
Newcastle Upon Tyne
NE1 7RU
Dr Kim Pearce is a chartered senior statistician and a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, she also holds the Newcastle Teaching Award. Kim has a PhD in Statistics and a First Class (Honours) degree in Mathematics. She has worked in Newcastle University since 1996 and has been involved in many EU-funded projects - she has also acted as a statistical consultant for several national companies. Currently she acts as one-to-one statistical adviser for postgraduate students across the whole of the Medical Faculty.
Kim has had work published in many high impact journals and has extensive experience in a wide variety of statistical fields. During her career she has collaborated with European partners on the following projects:
1996-1998 Long Term Trends in Benthic Communities on North Sea Fishing Grounds - XIV Fisheries Contract Number 94/077. European Commission funded.
2000-2001 Community Innovation Survey (CIS) II - contract No. CIS 98/915. European Commission funded.
2002-2003 Evaluation project of the Electronic Transmission of Prescriptions (ETP) Pilot - sponsored by the Department of Health.
2003-2004 New Intermediary services and the transformation of urban water supply and wastewater disposal systems in Europe. Contract Number EVK1-CT-2002-00115. European Commission funded Fifth Framework Project.
2005-2006 KENSYS - Development, Implementation and Dissemination of a New Methodology for User-Centred Products Design Using Product Semantics and Kansei Engineering. Contract Number IPS-2001-42075. European Commission funded Fifth Framework ‘Innovation and SME’ programme.
2007-2009 ImportNET – Intelligent modular open source platform for intercultural and cross domain SME network. Contract Number IST:033610. European Commission funded Sixth Framework Project.
2007-2012. STEM DIAGNOSTICS. Contract Number LSHB-CT-2007-037703. European Commission funded.
2004-2012 TRANSNET. Contract Number MCRTN-CT-2004-512253. European Commission funded.
2010-2013. The impact of Regulation (EC) No 1394/2007 on the development of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs): an academic perspective. Contract Number HEALTH-F1-2010-260773. European Commission funded Seventh Framework Project.
2012-2016. CELLEUROPE. Contract Number FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN. European Commission funded Seventh Framework Project.
Research Interests
Haematopoietic stem cell transplant immunobiology
Graft versus host disease immunobiology and immunomodulation.
Non-HLA immunogenetics and relevance to transplant outcome.
- Kim is involved in the derivation of innovative risk scores using both clinical and genetic factors to predict outcome post transplant.
Since 1996 Kim has taught statistics to students within the University and to industrialists on-site. Currently she provides one to one statistical mentoring sessions for PhD and Masters students across the whole of the Medical Faculty. She also conducts introductory statistical lectures as part of the ‘Research Student Development Programme’.
Kim completed the Certificate in Advanced Studies in Academic Practice (CASAP) programme in 2016 and hence has met Descriptor 2 of the UKPSF and is recognised as a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. Kim also holds the Newcastle Teaching Award (NTA).
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Articles
- Lin DJ, Altamimi J, Pearce K, Wilson JA, Patterson JM. Psychometric Properties of the MDADI - A Preliminary Study of Whether Less is Truly More?. Dysphagia 2022, 37, 323-332.
- Crossland RE, Norden J, Ghimire S, Juric MK, Pearce KF, Lendrem C, Collin M, Mischak-Weissinger E, Holler E, Greinix HT, Dickinson AM. Profiling Tissue and Biofluid miR-155-5p,miR-155* and miR-146a-5p Expression in Graft vs Host Disease. Frontiers in Immunology 2021, 12, 639171.
- Ferguson LP, Duong P, Pearce KF, Murphy P, Biss TT. Monitoring of Antiplatelet Therapy in Children on Ventricular Assist Device Support: Comparsion of Multiplate and Thromboelastography Platelet Mapping. American Society for Artificial Internal Organs Journal 2019, 65(1), 84-93.
- Taylor GD, Pearce K, Vernazza CR. Management of compromised first permanent molars in children: Cross-Sectional analysis of attitudes of UK general dental practitioners and specialists in paediatric dentistry. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2019, 29(3), 267-280.
- Norden J, Pearce K, Irving J, Collin M, Wang X, Wolff D, Kolb HJ, Socie G, Kuzmina Z, Greinix H, Holler E, Rocha V, Gluckman E, Hromadnikova I, Dickinson AM. The influence of glucocorticoid receptor single nucleotide polymorphisms on outcome after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. International Journal of Immunogenetics 2018, 45(5), 247-256.
- Heslop-Marshall K, Baker C, Carrick-Sen D, Newton J, Echvarria C, Stenton C, Jambon M, Gray J, Pearce K, Burns G, De Soyza A. Randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy in COPD. ERJ Open Research 2018, 4(4), 00094-2018.
- Atarod S, Norden J, Bibby LA, Janin A, Ratajczak P, Lendrem C, Pearce KF, Wang XN, O'Reilly S, Van Laar JM, Collin M, Dickinson AM, Crossland RE. Differential MicroRNA Expression Levels in Cutaneous Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease. Frontiers in Immunology 2018, 9, 1485.
- Crossland RE, Norden J, Juric MK, Pearce KF, Lendrem C, Bibby LA, Collin M, Greinix HT, Dickinson AM. Serum and Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNAs miR-423, miR-199, and miR-93* As Biomarkers for Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease. Frontiers in Immunology 2017, 8, 1446.
- Green K, Pearce K, Sellar RS, Jardine L, Nicolson PL, Nagra S, Bigley V, Jackson G, Dickinson AM, Thomson K, Mackinnon S, Craddock C, Peggs KS, Collin M. Impact of Alemtuzumab Scheduling on Graft-versus-Host Disease after Unrelated Donor Fludarabine and Melphalan Allografts. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2017, 23(5), 805-812.
- Crossland RE, Norden J, Juric MK, Green K, Pearce KF, Lendrem C, Greinix HT, Dickinson AM. Expression of Serum microRNAs is Altered During Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease. Frontiers in Immunology 2017, 8, 308.
- Atarod S, Ahmed MA, Lendrem C, Pearce KP, Cope W, Norden J, Wang X, Collin M, Dickinson AM. MiR-146a and miR-155 expression levels in acute graft-versus-host disease incidence. Frontiers in Immunology (Alloimmunity and Transplantation) 2016, 7, 56.
- Pearce KF, Balavarca Y, Norden J, Jackson G, Holler E, Dressel R, Greinix H, Toubert A, Gluckman E, Hromadnikova I, Sedlacek P, Wolff D, Holtick U, Bickeboller H, Dickinson AM. Impact of genomic risk factors on survival after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with acute leukaemia. International Journal of Immunogenetics 2016, 43(6), 404-412.
- Ghuman NK, Mair E, Pearce K, Choudhary M. Does age of the sperm donor influence live birth outcome in assisted reproduction?. Human Reproduction 2016, 31(3), 582-590.
- Balavarca Y, Pearce KF, Norden J, Collin M, Jackson G, Holler E, Kolb HJ, Greinix H, Socie G, Toubert A, Rocha V, Gluckman E, Hromadnikova I, Sedlacek P, Wolff D, Holtick U, Dickinson AM, Bickeböller H. Predicting survival using clinical risk score and non-HLA immunogenetics. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2015, 50, 1445-1452.
- Ahmed SS, Wang XN, Norden J, Pearce K, El-Gezawy E, Atarod S, Hromadnikova I, Collin M, Holler E, Dickinson AM. Identification and validation of biomarkers associated with acute and chronic graft versus host disease. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2015, 50(12), 1563-1571.
- Atarod S, Turner B, Pearce KF, Ahmed SS, Norden J, Bogunia-Kubik K, Wang XN, Collin M, Dickinson AM. Elevated level of HSPA1L mRNA correlates with graft-versus-host disease. Transplant Immunology 2015, 32(3), 188-194.
- Jardine L, Publicover A, Bigley V, Hale G, Pearce K, Dickinson A, Jackson G, Collin M. A comparative study of reduced dose alemtuzumab in matched unrelated donor and related donor reduced intensity transplants. British Journal of Haematology 2015, 168(6), 874-881.
- Pearce KF, Hildebrandt M, Greinix H, Scheding S, Köhl U, Worel N, Apperley J, Edinger M, Hauser A, Mischak-Weissinger E, Dickinson AM, Lowdell MW. Regulation of advanced therapy medicinal products in Europe and the role of academia. Cytotherapy 2014, 16(3), 289-297.
- Gudipati M, Pearce K, Prakash A, Redhead G, Hemingway V, McEleny K, Stewart J. The sperm donor programme over 11 years at Newcastle Fertility Centre. Human Fertility 2013, 16(4), 258-265.
- Hildebrandt M, Apperley J, Dickinson AM, Edinger M, Greinix H, Hauser A, Kohl U, MischakWeissinger E, Pearce KF, Scheding S, Worel N, Lowdell MW. The Regulation of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) in Europe and the Role of Academia: Results of an FP7-funded Research Project. Onkologie 2013, 36, 264-264.
- Pearce KF, Lee SJ, Haagenson M, Petersdorf EW, Norden J, Collin MP, Klein JP, Spellman SR, Lowerson SA, Davies S, Dickinson AM. Analysis of non- HLA genomic risk factors in HLA-matched unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2012, 97(7), 1014-1019.
- Dickinson AM, Pearce KF, Norden J, O'Brien S, Holler E, Bickeboller H, Balavarca Y, Vanderson R, Kolb HJ, Hromadnikova I, Sedlacek P, Niederwieser D, Brand R, Ruutu T, Apperley J, Szydlo R, Goulmy E, Siegert W, de Witte T, Gratwohl A. Impact of genomic risk factors on outcome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2010, 95(6), 922-927.
- Bouchard C, Mantelet F, Aoussat A, Solves C, Gonzales JC, Pearce KF, Van Lottum C, Coleman SY. A European emotional investigation in the field of shoe design. International Journal of Product Development 2009, 7(1/2).
- Pearce KF, Coleman SY. Modern-day perception of historic footwear and its links to preference. Journal of Applied Statistics 2008, 35(2), 161-178.
- Mønness E, Pearce KF, Coleman SY. Comparing a survey and a conjoint study: the future vision of water intermediaries. Journal of Applied Statistics 2008, 35(1), 19-30.
- Dickinson AM, Pearce KF, Norden J, Neylor A, Holler E, Rocha V, Gluckman E, Kolb HJ, Hromadnikova I, Sedlacek P, Niederwieser D, Brand P, Ruutu T, Apperley F, Goulmy E, Olavarria E, de Witte T, Gratwohl A. A distinct pattern of non-HLA polymorphisms predicts an increased risk for GVHD without benefit of GvL in HLA matched sibling transplants for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2007, 13(2), 1-1.
- Van Lottum CE, Pearce KF, Coleman SY. Features of Kansei Engineering characterizing its use in two studies: men’s everyday footwear and historic footwear. Quality and Reliability Engineering International 2006, 22(6), 629-650.
- Pearce KF, Coleman SY, Monness E. Electronic Transmission of Prescriptions: Pre and Post Intervention Changes in GP Attitude. Hedmark University College (internal publication) 2004, 18.
- Klee T, Pearce KF, Carson DK. Improving the positive predictive value of screening for developmental language disorder. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 2000, 43(4), 821-833.
- Pearce KF, Frid CLJ. Coincident changes in four components of the North Sea ecosystem. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1999, 79(1), 183-185.
- Cox TF, Pearce KF. A robust logistic discrimination model. Statistics and Computing 1997, 7(3), 155-161.
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Book Chapters
- Harvey J, Pearce KF, Jamieson R. Risks and engineering design across cultures. In: R Bris, C Guedes Soares, S Martorell, ed. Reliability, Risk and Safety: Theory and Applications. London: Taylor & Francis, 2009, pp.791-798.
- Pearce KF, Harvey J, Jamieson R. Cultural differences in design perceptions of consumer products: A Kansei engineering approach. In: R Bris, C Guedes Soares & S Martorell, ed. Reliability, Risk and Safety. London: Taylor and Francis, 2009, pp.767-772.
- Coleman S, Pearce K, Van Lottum C. Statistics supporting the design process via Kansei Engineering. In: Pham P; Eldukhri E; Soroka A, ed. Intelligent Production Machines and Systems. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd, 2005, pp.339-343.
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Conference Proceedings (inc. Abstracts)
- Atarod S, Ahmed M, Lendrem C, Pearce K, Cope W, Norden J, Wang X, Collin M, Dickinson A. MiR-146a and miR-155 expression levels in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients is predictive of acute graft-versus-host incidence. In: 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2015, Istanbul, Turkey: Nature Publishing Group.
- Gam R, Norden J, Crossland R, Pearce K, Holler E, Dressel R, Dickinson A. MICA genotype, serum and expression level effects on the outcome of HSCT. In: 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2015, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Gam R, Norden J, Crossland R, Pearce K, Holler E, Dressel R, Dickinson AM, Framework CellEurope Project, Professor Anne Dickinson Univ Newc. MICA genotype, serum and expression level effects on the outcome of HSCT. In: 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2015, Istanbul, Turkey: Nature Publishing Group.
- Gam R, Norden J, Crossland R, Pearce K, Dickinson A. IRAK1 and miR-146a for predicting the outcome of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In: 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2015, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Gam R, Norden J, Crossland R, Pearce K, Dickinson AM, Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne. IRAK1 and miR-146a for predicting the outcome of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In: 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2015, Istanbul, Turkey: Nature Publishing Group.
- Atarod S, Pearce K, Norden J, Lendrem C, Crossland R, Wang X, Sviland L, Janin A, Collin M, Dickinson A. Differential microRNA expressions in cutaneous acute graft-versus-host disease. In: 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). 2015, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Hildebrandt M, Apperley J, Dickinson AM, Edinger M, Greinix H, Hauser A, Kohl U, Mischak-Weissinger E, Pearce KF, Scheding S, Worel N, Lowdell MW. The Regulation of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) in Europe and the Role of Academia: Results of an FP7-funded Research Project. In: Annual Meeting of the German, Austrian and Swiss Societies of Hematology and Oncology. 2013, Vienne, Austria: S. Karger AG.
- Pearce KF, Ahmed S, Norden J, Collin MP, Wang XN, Cornelissen JJ, Wolff D, Aubano A, Holtick U, Scheid C, Socie G, Greinix H, Holler E, Dickinson AM. Genomic risk factors and biomarkers as predictors of GvHD after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In: 39th Annual Meeting of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). 2013, London, UK: Nature Publishing Group.
- Green K, Sellar R, Jardine L, Ward J, Ferguson P, Nicolson P, Pearce K, Bigley V, Jackson G, Nagra S, Dickinson AM, Thomson K, Mackinnon S, Craddock C, Collin MP, Peggs KS. Defining The Optimal Dose Of Alemtuzumab In Unrelated Donor Reduced Intensity Allografts: A UK Retrospective Study. In: 55th annual American Society of Hematology meeting. 2013, New Orleans, USA.
- Culpin R, Pearce K, Bailey J, Pointon J, Sunter N, Bailey J, Evans P, Allsup D, Allan J, Mainou-Fowler T. MicroRNAs in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL): mature microRNAs of the miR-17-92 cluster predict for treatment free survival (TFS) in patients with B-CLL. In: International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2011, Spandidos Publications.
- Pearce KF, Norden J, Collin M, Hromadnikova I, Sedlacek P, Cornelissen JJ, Wolff D, Aubano A, Holtick U, Scheid C, Socie G, Greinix H, Holler E, Dickinson AM. Development of an algorithm to predict acute GvHD and chronic GvHD in HLA-matched sibling, non-T cell depleted haematopoietic stem cell transplants. In: Bone Marrow Transplantation: 37th European Group for Bone and Marrow Transplantation. 2011, Paris, France: Nature Publishing Group.
- Dickinson A, Pearce KF, Balavarca Y. Clinical and genetic risk assessment for overall survival in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In: 36th Annual Meeting of the EBMT (European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation). 2010, Vienna, Austria.
- Harvey J, Pearce KF, Jamieson R. Risks and engineering design across cultures. In: ESREL 2009 & 18th SRA Europe Annual Conference. 2009, Prague, Czecholslovakia: European Safety and Reliability Association (ESRA).
- Pearce K, Harvey J, Jamieson R. Cultural differences in design perceptions of consumer products: a Kansei engineering approach. In: ESREL 2009 & 18th SRA Europe Annual Conference. 2009, Prague, Czech Republic: European Safety and Reliability Association (ESRA).
- Pearce KF, Harvey J, Jamieson R. Cultural differences in design. In: ImportNET. 2009, Salzburg, Austria.
- Dickinson AM, Pearce KF, Jackson GH, Collin M, Norden J, Holler E, Bickeboller H, Balavarca Y, Rocha V, Kolb HJ, Aubano A, Hromadnikova I, Sedlacek P, Gratwohl A. Clinical and Genetic Risk Assessment for Overall Survival in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). In: Blood: 51st Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology. 2009, New Orleans, LA: American Society of Hematology.
- Harvey J, Jamieson R, Pearce KF. The potential for error in communications between engineering designers. In: ESREL & 17th SRA Europe Annual Conference. 2008, Valencia, Spain.
- Dickinson AM, Pearce KF, Norden J, Holler E, Rocha V, Gluckman E, Kolb HJ, Hromadnikova I, Sedlacek P, Niederwieser D, Brand P, Ruutu T, Apperley J, Goulmy E, Olavarria E, de Witte T, Gratwohl A. A distinct pattern of Non-HLA polymorphisms predicts an increased risk for GvHD without benefit of GvL in HLA matched sibling transplants for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In: BMT (CIBMTR) Tandem Meeting. 2007, Keystone, Colorado.
- Coleman SY, Pearce KF, Van Lottum CE. The Kansei Engineering System combining human factors and design elements for intelligent manufacturing systems. In: 5th CIRP ICME '06 International Seminar. 2006, Ischia, Italy.
- Dickinson AM, Holler E, Rocha V, Hromadnikova I, Sedlacek P, Kolb HJ, Pearce KF. Statistical modelling for clinical and genetic risk factors for GvHD and survival in a cohort of European HLA matched sibling transplants. In: 32nd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii: Elsevier Inc.
- Pearce KF, Coleman SY. Human Emotion and Design: A Study of Preference in Orthopaedic Footwear. In: 8th SMESME International Conference. 2006, Coventry, UK: SMESME.
- Pearce KF, Coleman SY. Emotional Influence in Purchasing Decisions: An Orthopaedic Footwear Evaluation. In: 9th QMOD [Quality Management and Organisational Development] Conference. 2006, Liverpool, UK.
- Dickinson AM, Pearce KF, Norden J, Neylor A, Holler E, Rocha V, Gluckman E, Kolb HJ, Hromadnikova I, Sedlacek P, Niederwieser DW, Brand R, Ruutu T, Apperley J, Goulmy EAJM, Olavarria E, de Witte TM, Roosnek E, Siegert W, Gratwohl A. A distinct pattern of non-HLA polymorphisms predicts an increased risk for GvHD without benefit of GvL in HLA matched sibling transplants for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In: 48th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology. 2006, Orlando, FL: Blood: American Society of Hematology.
- Coleman SY, Pearce KF, van-Lottum CE. Statistics supporting the design process via Kansei Engineering. In: IPROMS: Intelligent Production Machines and Systems IPROMS 2005 Virtual Conference. 2005, Virtual: Oxford: Elsevier Ltd.
- Dickinson AM, Holler E, Rocha V, Gluckman E, Hromadnikova I, Sedlacek P, Kolb H, Pearce KM. Statistical modelling for clinical and genetic risk factors for GvHD and survival in a cohort of European HLA matched sibling transplants. In: Tissue Antigens: 35th Annual SCientific Meeting of the Australasian Society for Immunology. 2005, Melbourne, Australia: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
- Van Lottum CE, Pearce KF, Coleman SY. Kansei Engineering: Incorporating Consumer Perception into Product Design. In: 7th SMESME International Conference “Stimulating Manufacturing Excellence in Small and Medium Enterprises. 2005.
- Van Lottum CE, Pearce KF, Coleman SY. Kansei Engineering for SME’s. In: 5th ENBIS Conference. 2005, Newcastle upon Tyne,UK.
- Pearce KF, Coleman SY, Stewardson DJ. Poster: Community Innovation Survey II: Linkage Pattern Differences between European Countries and the Relationship with Innovation. In: ENBIS Conference. 2004, Copenhagen.
- Pearce KF, Coleman SY, Stewardson D. Evaluating the Attitudes of stakeholders to the introduction of the Electronic Transmission of Prescriptions. In: ECITE. 2003, Madrid, Spain.
- Linsley MJ, Pearce KF, Stewardson DJ, Coleman SY. The Introduction of Quality Tools to Reduce Product Reject Rates in an SME. In: Manufacturing Information Systems: Proceedings of the Fifth SMESME International Conference - Stimulating Manufacturing Excellence in Small and Medium Enterprises. 2002, Danbury, UK: Earlybrave Publications Ltd.
- Pearce KF, Coleman SY, Linsley MJ, Bjerke F, Fairbairn L, Stewardson DJ. Small to Medium Sized Enterprises and the Importance of Reliable Measurement. In: ENBIS. 2002, Rimini, Italy.
- Coleman SY, Pearce KF, Linsley MJ, Stewardson DJ. Issues in measurement reliability for SMEs/ A hands-on practical to demonstrate measurement reliability for SMEs. In: 5th SMESME International Conference. 2002, Danbury, UK.
- Bjerke F, Pearce KF. Fractional Factorial Experiments in an industrial Process where Several Factors are difficult to Change. In: ENBIS. 2002, Rimini, Italy.
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Note
- Ahmed SS, Wang XN, Norden J, Pearce K, El-Gezawy E, Atarod S, Hromadnikova I, Collin M, Holler E, Dickinson AM. Identification and validation of biomarkers associated with acute and chronic graft versus host disease [Corrigendum]. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2016, 51(6), 890.
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Reports
- Pearce KF, Coleman SY, Monness E. New Intermediary services and the transformation of urban water supply and wastewater disposal systems in Europe. Final Report to European Commission. Contract number EVK1-CT-2002-00115. 2005.
- Pearce KF, Stewardson D, Coleman S, Alderman N. The use of multivariate techniques to investigate the multi-dimensional aspects of innovation. European Commission, 2000. Community Innovation Survey (CIS) II CIS 98/915.
- Frid CLJ, Hall SJ, Clark RA, Hall JA, Pearce KF. Trends in Benthic Communities on North Sea Fishing Grounds. 1998. European Commission Directorate General, XIV Fisheries 94/077.