Staff Profile

I am a Lecturer in Chemical Engineering in the School of Engineering at Newcastle University. My areas of expertise are crystallography, electron microscopy, fuel cells and electrochemistry.

Qualifications

• BEng, Materials Science and Engineering – Nanyang Technological University
• PhD, Materials Science and Engineering – Nanyang Technological University

Work Experience

• Project Officer – Nanyang Technological University (2005-2011)
• Research Fellow – Nanyang Technological University (2011-2013)
• Postdoctoral Research Associate – Imperial College London (2013-2017)

Google Scholar: Click here.

ORCID: Click here.

ENG1006 Properties and Behaviour of Engineering Materials

CME2027 Process Development Science and Analysis

CME3097 Materials Degradation and Component Life

CME8055 Energy Sources and Storage

CME8032 Lifetime Prediction and Design for Reliability

• Articles

  • Saczek J, Yao X, Zivkovic V, Mamlouk M, Wang S, Pramana SS. Utilisation of Bubbles and Oil for Microplastic Capture from Water. Engineering 2024, 41, 71-83.
  • Mousley P, Nicklin C, Pramana SS, van den Bosch C, Ryan MP, Skinner SJ. Temperature effect on surface structure of single crystal SrLaAlO₄(001). APL Materials 2023, 11(11), 111122.
  • Caroline SC, Das B, Pramana SS, Batabyal SK. Nickel sulfide-nickel sulfoselenide nanosheets as a potential electrode material for high performance supercapacitor with extended shelf life. Journal of Energy Storage 2023, 68, 107812.
  • Deng W, Sun Y, Yao X, Subramanian K, Ling C, Wang H, Chopra SS, Xu BB, Wang JX, Chen JF, Wang D, Amancio H, Pramana S, Ye R, Wang S. Masks for COVID-19. Advanced Science 2022, 9(3), 2102189.
  • Zhao Z, Yao X, Zhao W, Shi B, Sridhar S, Pu Y, Pramana S, Wang D, Wang S. Highly transparent liquid marble in liquid (HT-LMIL) as 3D miniaturized reactor for real-time bio-/chemical assays. Chemical Engineering Journal 2022, 443, 136417.
  • Jayaseelan DD, Pramana S, Grasso S, Bai Y, Skinner S, Reece MJ, Lee WE. Fabrication and characterisation of single-phase Hf₂Al₄C₅ ceramics. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 2022, 42(4), 1292-1301.
  • de Leeuwe C, Hu W, Neagu D, Papaioannou EI, Pramana S, Ray B, Evans JSO, Metcalfe IS. Revisiting the thermal and chemical expansion and stability of La_0.6Sr_0.4FeO_3−δ. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2021, 293, 121838.
  • Ward S, Isaacs MA, Gupta G, Mamlouk M, Pramana SS. Boosting the oxygen evolution activity in non-stoichiometric praseodymium ferrite-based perovskites by A site substitution for alkaline electrolyser anodes. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2021, 5(1), 154-165.
  • Moreno-Ramírez LM, Law JY, Pramana SS, Giri AK, Franco V. Analysis of the magnetic field dependence of the isothermal entropy change of inverse magnetocaloric materials. Results in Physics 2021, 22, 103933.
  • Zhao Z, Ling C, Wang D, Wang J-X, Saczek J, Pramana S, Sridhar S, Shang J, Xu BB, Tsang DCW, Chen J-F, Wang S. Liquid Marbles in Liquid. Small 2020, 16(37), 2002802.
  • Li C, Pramana SS, Bayliss RD, Grey CP, Blanc F, Skinner SJ. Evolution of Structure in the Incommensurate Modulated LaNb_{1 -x}W_xO_4+x/2 (x = 0.04-0.16) Oxide Ion Conductors. Chemistry of Materials 2020, 32(6), 2292-2303.
  • Cheng L, Pramana SS, Skinner SJ. Room temperature structure and transport properties of the incommensurate modulated LaNb_0.88W_0.12O_4.06. Dalton Transactions 2019, 48(5), 1633-1646.
  • Law JY, Franco V, Conde A, Skinner SJ, Pramana SS. Modification of the order of the magnetic phase transition in cobaltites without changing their crystal space group. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2018, 777, 1080-1086.
  • Pramana SS, Cavallaro A, Li C, Handoko AD, Chan KW, Walker RJ, Regoutz A, Herrin JS, Yeo BS, Payne DJ, Kilner JA, Ryan MP, Skinner SJ. Crystal structure and surface characteristics of Sr-doped GdBaCo₂O_6-d double perovskites: oxygen evolution reaction and conductivity. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2018, 6(13), 5335-5345.
  • Pasang T, Pramana SS, Kracum M, Misiolek WZ, Aziziderouei M, Mizutani M, Kamiya O. Characterisation of intermetallic phases in fusion welded commercially pure titanium and stainless steel 304. Metals 2018, 8(11), 863.
  • Cavallaro A, Pramana SS, Ruiz-Trejo E, Sherrell PC, Ware E, Kilner JA, Skinner SJ. Amorphous-cathode-route towards low temperature SOFC. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2018, 2(4), 862-875.
  • Pramana SS, Cavallaro A, Qi J, Nicklin CL, Ryan MP, Skinner SJ. Understanding surface structure and chemistry of single crystal lanthanum aluminate. Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 43721.
  • Ahmadi M, Pramana SS, Boothroyd C, Lam YM. Elucidating the relationship between crystallo-chemistry and optical properties of CIGS nanocrystals. Nanotechnology 2017, 28(4), 045708.
  • Pramana SS, Baikie T, An T, Tucker MG, Wu J, Schreyer MK, Wei F, Bayliss RD, Kloc CL, White TJ, Horsfield AP, Skinner SJ. Correlation of Local Structure and Diffusion Pathways in the Modulated Anisotropic Oxide Ion Conductor CeNbO_4.25. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2016, 138(4), 1273-1279.
  • Nguyen M, Ernits K, Tai KF, Ng CF, Pramana SS, Sasangka WA, Batabyal SK, Holopainen T, Meissner D, Neisser A, Wong LH. ZnS buffer layer for Cu₂ZnSn(SSe)₄ monograin layer solar cell. Solar Energy 2015, 111, 344-349.
  • Wu J, Pramana SS, Skinner SJ, Kilner JA, Horsfield AP. Why Ni is absent from the surface of La₂NiO_4+δ?. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015, 3(47), 23760-23767.
  • Bahout M, Pramana SS, Hanlon JM, Dorcet V, Smith RI, Paofai S, Skinner SJ. Stability of NdBaCo_2-xMn_xO_5+δ(x = 0, 0.5) layered perovskites under humid conditions investigated by higherature in situ neutron powder diffraction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015, 3(30), 15420-15431.
  • Ko YW, Teh PF, Pramana SS, Wong CL, Su T, Li L, Madhavi S. Electrospun Single-Phase Na_1.2V₃O₈ Materials with Tunable Morphologies as Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2015, 2(6), 837-846.
  • Agrawal M, Radhakrishnan K, Dharmarasu N, Pramana SS. Effect of III/V ratio on the polarity of AlN and GaN layers grown in the metal rich growth regime on Si(111) by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 2015, 54(6), 065701.
  • Sun C, Karthik KRG, Pramana SS, Wong LH, Zhang J, Yizhong H, Sow CH, Mathews N, Mhaisalkar SG. The role of tin oxide surface defects in determining nanonet FET response to humidity and photoexcitation. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2014, 2(5), 940-945.
  • Li H, Baikie T, Pramana SS, Shin JF, Keenan PJ, Slater PR, Brink F, Hester J, An T, White TJ. Hydrothermal synthesis, structure investigation, and oxide ion conductivity of mixed Si/Ge-based apatite-type phases. Inorganic Chemistry 2014, 53(10), 4803-4812.
  • Sabba D, Agarwala S, Pramana SS, Mhaisalkar S. A maskless synthesis of TiO₂-nanofiber-based hierarchical structures for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells with improved performance. Nanoscale Research Letters 2014, 9(1), 14.
  • Teh PF, Sharma Y, Ko YW, Pramana SS, Srinivasan M. Tuning the morphology of ZnMn₂O₄ lithium ion battery anodes by electrospinning and its effect on electrochemical performance. RSC Advances 2013, 3(8), 2812-2821.
  • Ahmadi M, Pramana SS, Batabyal SK, Boothroyd C, Mhaisalkar SG, Lam YM. Synthesis of Cu₂SnSe₃ nanocrystals for solution processable photovoltaic cells. Inorganic Chemistry 2013, 52(4), 1722-1728.
  • Shahjamali MM, Bosman M, Cao S, Huang X, Cao X, Zhang H, Pramana SS, Xue C. Surfactant-free sub-2 nm ultrathin triangular gold nanoframes. Small 2013, 9(17), 2880-2886.
  • Fan S, Lim LY, Tay YY, Pramana SS, Rui X, Samani MK, Yan Q, Tay BK, Toney MF, Hng HH. Rapid fabrication of a novel Sn-Ge alloy: Structure-property relationship and its enhanced lithium storage properties. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2013, 1(46), 14577-14585.
  • Tran PD, Chiam SY, Boix PP, Ren Y, Pramana SS, Fize J, Artero V, Barber J. Novel cobalt/nickel-tungsten-sulfide catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen generation from water. Energy and Environmental Science 2013, 6(8), 2452-2459.
  • Zeng X, Pramana SS, Batabyal SK, Mhaisalkar SG, Chen X, Jinesh KB. Low temperature synthesis of wurtzite zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films by chemical spray pyrolysis. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2013, 15(18), 6763-6768.
  • Hu P, Pramana SS, Cao S, Ngaw CK, Lin J, Loo SCJ, Tan TTY. Ion-induced synthesis of uniform single-crystalline sulphide-based quaternary-alloy hexagonal nanorings for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Advanced Materials 2013, 25(18), 2567-2572.
  • Wang X, Deng R, Kulkarni SA, Wang X, Pramana SS, Wong CC, Gratzel M, Uchida S, Mhaisalkar SG. Investigation of the role of anions in hydrotalcite for quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells application. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2013, 1(13), 4345-4351.
  • Teng YT, Pramana SS, Ding J, Wu T, Yazami R. Investigation of the conversion mechanism of nanosized CoF₂. Electrochimica Acta 2013, 107, 301-312.
  • Made RI, Phua EJR, Pramana SS, Wong CC, Chen Z, Tok AIY, Gan CL. Improved mechanical and thermomechanical properties of alumina substrate via iron doping. Scripta Materialia 2013, 68(11), 869-872.
  • Sabba D, Mathews N, Chua J, Pramana SS, Mulmudi HK, Wang Q, Mhaisalkar SG. High-surface-area, interconnected, nanofibrillar TiO₂ structures as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells. Scripta Materialia 2013, 68(7), 487-490.
  • Bayliss RD, Pramana SS, An T, Wei F, Kloc CL, White AJP, Skinner SJ, White TJ, Baikie T. Fergusonite-type CeNbO_4+δ: Single crystal growth, symmetry revision and conductivity. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2013, 204, 291-297.
  • Teh PF, Pramana SS, Sharma Y, Ko YW, Madhavi S. Electrospun Zn_{1- x}Mn_xFe₂O₄ nanofibers as anodes for lithium-ion batteries and the impact of mixed transition metallic oxides on battery performance. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2013, 5(12), 5461-5467.
  • Teh PF, Pramana SS, Kim C, Chen C-M, Chuang C-H, Sharma Y, Cabana J, Madhavi S. Electrochemical Reactivity with Lithium of Spinel-type ZnFe_2-yCr_yO₄ (0 ≤ y ≤ 2). Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2013, 117(46), 24213-24223.
  • An T, Baikie T, Wei F, Pramana SS, Schreyer MK, Piltz RO, Shin JF, Wei J, Slater PR, White TJ. Crystallographic correlations with anisotropic oxide ion conduction in aluminum-doped neodymium silicate apatite electrolytes. Chemistry of Materials 2013, 25(7), 1109-1120.
  • Min Lim H, Batabyal SK, Pramana SS, Wong LH, Magdassi S, Mhaisalkar SG. Chemical welding of binary nanoparticles: Room temperature sintering of CuSe and In₂S₃ nanoparticles for solution-processed CuInS_xSe_1-x solar cells. Chemical Communications 2013, 49(47), 5351-5353.
  • Lee R-L, Tran PD, Pramana SS, Chiam SY, Ren Y, Meng S, Wong LH, Barber J. Assembling graphitic-carbon-nitride with cobalt-oxide-phosphate to construct an efficient hybrid photocatalyst for water splitting application. Catalysis Science and Technology 2013, 3(7), 1694-1698.
  • Nguyen M, Tran PD, Pramana SS, Lee RL, Batabyal SK, Mathews N, Wong LH, Graetzel M. In situ photo-assisted deposition of MoS₂ electrocatalyst onto zinc cadmium sulphide nanoparticle surfaces to construct an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen generation. Nanoscale 2013, 5(4), 1479-1482.
  • Prabhakar RR, Pramana SS, Karthik KRG, Sow CH, Jinesh KB. Ultra-thin conformal deposition of CuInS₂ on ZnO nanowires by chemical spray pyrolysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2012, 22(28), 13965-13968.
  • Li H, Baikie T, Pramana SS, Shin JF, Slater PR, Brink F, Hester J, Wallwork K, White TJ. Synthesis and characterisation of vanadium doped alkaline earth lanthanum germanate oxyapatite electrolyte. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2012, 22(6), 2658-2669.
  • Ho JCW, Batabyal SK, Pramana SS, Lum J, Pham VT, Li D, Xiong Q, Tok AIY, Wong LH. Optical and electrical properties of wurtzite copper indium sulfide nanoflakes. Materials Express 2012, 2(4), 344-350.
  • Tran PD, Pramana SS, Kale VS, Nguyen M, Chiam SY, Batabyal SK, Wong LH, Barber J, Loo J. Novel assembly of an MoS₂ electrocatalyst onto a silicon nanowire array electrode to construct a photocathode composed of elements abundant on the earth for hydrogen generation. Chemistry - A European Journal 2012, 18(44), 13994-13999.
  • Sun J, Sun C, Batabyal SK, Tran PD, Pramana SS, Wong LH, Mhaisalkar SG. Morphology and stoichiometry control of hierarchical CuInSe₂/SnO₂ nanostructures by directed electrochemical assembly for solar energy harvesting. Electrochemistry Communications 2012, 15(1), 18-21.
  • Tjoa V, Chua J, Pramana SS, Wei J, Mhaisalkar SG, Mathews N. Facile photochemical synthesis of graphene-Pt nanoparticle composite for counter electrode in dye sensitized solar cell. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2012, 4(7), 3447-3452.
  • Ahmadi M, Pramana SS, Xi L, Boothroyd C, Lam YM, Mhaisalkar S. Evolution pathway of CIGSe nanocrystals for solar cell applications. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2012, 116(14), 8202-8209.
  • Kale VS, Prabhakar RR, Pramana SS, Rao M, Sow C-H, Jinesh KB, Mhaisalkar SG. Enhanced electron field emission properties of high aspect ratio silicon nanowire-zinc oxide core-shell arrays. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2012, 14(13), 4614-4619.
  • Prabhakar RR, Mathews N, Jinesh KB, Karthik KRG, Pramana SS, Varghese B, Sow CH, Mhaisalkar S. Efficient multispectral photodetection using Mn doped ZnO nanowires. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2012, 22(19), 9678-9683.
  • Gui EL, Kang AM, Pramana SS, Yantara N, Mathews N, Mhaisalkar S. Effect of TiO 2 mesoporous layer and surface treatments in determining efficiencies in antimony sulfide-(Sb 2S 3) sensitized solar cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 2012, 159(3), B247-B250.
  • Tran PD, Nguyen M, Pramana SS, Bhattacharjee A, Chiam SY, Fize J, Field MJ, Artero V, Wong LH, Loo J, Barber J. Copper molybdenum sulfide: A new efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen production from water. Energy and Environmental Science 2012, 5(10), 8912-8916.
  • Baikie T, Schreyer MK, Wong CL, Pramana SS, Klooster WT, Ferraris C, McIntyre GJ, White TJ. A multi-domain gem-grade Brazilian apatite. American Mineralogist 2012, 97(10), 1574-1581.
  • Tran PD, Batabyal SK, Pramana SS, Barber J, Wong LH, Loo SCJ. A cuprous oxide-reduced graphene oxide (Cu₂O-rGO) composite photocatalyst for hydrogen generation: Employing rGO as an electron acceptor to enhance the photocatalytic activity and stability of Cu₂O. Nanoscale 2012, 4(13), 3875-3878.
  • Karthik KRG, Andreasson BP, Sun C, Pramana SS, Varghese B, Sow CH, Mathews N, Wong LH, Mhaisalkar SG. Physical and electrical properties of single Zn₂SnO₄ nanowires. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 2011, 14(1), K5-K7.
  • Dou X, Mathews N, Wang Q, Pramana SS, Lam YM, Mhaisalkar S. Novel Zn-Sn-O nanocactus with excellent transport properties as photoanode material for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells. Nanoscale 2011, 3(11), 4640-4646.
  • Xu H, Liu C, Silberschmidt VV, Pramana SS, White TJ, Chenc Z, Acoffa VL. New mechanisms of void growth in Au-Al wire bonds: Volumetric shrinkage and intermetallic oxidation. Scripta Materialia 2011, 65(7), 642-645.
  • Teh PF, Sharma Y, Pramana SS, Srinivasan M. Nanoweb anodes composed of one-dimensional, high aspect ratio, size tunable electrospun ZnFe₂O₄ nanofibers for lithium ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2011, 21(38), 14999-15008.
  • Cheah YL, Gupta N, Pramana SS, Aravindan V, Wee G, Srinivasan M. Morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of single phase electrospun vanadium pentoxide nanofibers for lithium ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources 2011, 196(15), 6465-6472.
  • Xu H, Liu C, Silberschmidt VV, Pramana SS, White TJ, Chen Z, Acoff VL. Intermetallic phase transformations in Au-Al wire bonds. Intermetallics 2011, 19(12), 1808-1816.
  • Mulmudi HK, Mathews N, Dou XC, Xi LF, Pramana SS, Lam YM, Mhaisalkar SG. Controlled growth of hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) nanorod array on fluorine doped tin oxide: Synthesis and photoelectrochemical properties. Electrochemistry Communications 2011, 13(9), 951-954.
  • Xu H, Liu C, Silberschmidt VV, Pramana SS, White TJ, Chen Z, Acoff VL. Behavior of aluminum oxide, intermetallics and voids in Cu-Al wire bonds. Acta Materialia 2011, 59(14), 5661-5673.
  • Lim SC, Baikie T, Pramana SS, Smith R, White TJ. Apatite metaprism twist angle (φ) as a tool for crystallochemical diagnosis. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2011, 184(11), 2978-2985.
  • Orera A, Baikie T, Kendrick E, Shin JF, Pramana S, Smith R, White TJ, Sanjuan ML, Slater PR. Apatite germanates doped with tungsten: Synthesis, structure, and conductivity. Dalton Transactions 2011, 40(15), 3903-3908.
  • Yang HY, Yu SF, Liang HK, Lau SP, Pramana SS, Ferraris C, Cheng CW, Fan HJ. Ultraviolet electroluminescence from randomly assembled n-SnO₂ nanowires p-GaN:Mg Heterojunction. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2010, 2(4), 1191-1194.
  • Baikie T, Pramana SS, Ferraris C, Huang Y, Kendrick E, Knight KS, Ahmad Z, White TJ. Polysomatic apatites. Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science 2010, 66(1), 1-16.
  • Swaminathan V, Pramana SS, White TJ, Chen L, Chukka R, Ramanujan RV. Microwave synthesis of noncentrosymmetric BaTiO3 truncated nanocubes for charge storage applications. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2010, 2(11), 3037-3042.
  • Pramana SS, Baikie T, Kendrick E, Schreyer MK, Slater PR, White TJ. Crystal chemistry and optimization of conductivity in 2A, 2M and 2H alkaline earth lanthanum germanate oxyapatite electrolyte polymorphs. Solid State Ionics 2010, 181(25-26), 1189-1196.
  • Xu H, Liu C, Silberschmidt VV, Pramana SS, White TJ, Chen Z, Sivakumar M, Acoff VL. A micromechanism study of thermosonic gold wire bonding on aluminum pad. Journal of Applied Physics 2010, 108(11), 113517.
  • Baikie T, Ng GMH, Madhavi S, Pramana SS, Blake K, Elcombe M, White TJ. The crystal chemistry of the alkaline-earth apatites A₁₀(PO ₄)₆Cu_xO_y(H)_z (A = Ca, Sr and Ba). Dalton Transactions 2009, (34), 6722-6726.
  • Pramana SS, White TJ, Schreyer MK, Ferraris C, Slater PR, Orera A, Bastow TJ, Mangold S, Doyle S, Liu T, Fajar A, Srinivasan M, Baikie T. Pseudomorphic 2A→ 2M→ 2H phase transitions in lanthanum strontium germanate electrolyte apatites. Dalton Transactions 2009, (39), 8280-8291.
  • Xu H, Liu C, Silberschmidt VV, Pramana SS, White TJ, Chen Z. A re-examination of the mechanism of thermosonic copper ball bonding on aluminium metallization pads. Scripta Materialia 2009, 61(2), 165-168.
  • Lim SH, Phonthammachai N, Pramana SS, White TJ. Simple route to monodispersed silica -Titania core-Shell photocatalysts. Langmuir 2008, 24(12), 6226-6231.
  • Baikie T, Ferraris C, Klooster WT, Madhavi S, Pramana SS, Pring A, Schmidt G, White TJ. Crystal chemistry of mimetite, Pb₁₀(AsO₄) 6Cl_1.48O_0.26, and finnemanite, Pb₁₀(AsO₃)₆Cl₂. Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science 2008, 64(1), 34-41.
  • Pramana SS, Klooster WT, White TJ. A taxonomy of apatite frameworks for the crystal chemical design of fuel cell electrolytes. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2008, 181(8), 1717-1722.
  • Baikie T, Ahmad Z, Srinivasan M, Maignan A, Pramana SS, White TJ. The crystallographic and magnetic characteristics of Sr₂CrO₄ (K₂NiF₄-type) and Sr₁₀(CrO₄)₆F₂ (apatite-type). Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2007, 180(5), 1538-1546.
  • Pramana SS, Klooster WT, White TJ. Framework 'interstitial' oxygen in La₁₀(GeO₄)₅-(GeO₅)O₂ apatite electrolyte. Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science 2007, 63(4), 597-602.

• Conference Proceedings (inc. Abstract)

  • Riko IM, Pramana SS, Rong EPJ, Cheong WC, Zhong C, Yoong ATI, Lip GC. Study of metal additives to alumina substrate for high temperature and pressure application. In: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 14th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC 2012). 2012, Singapore: IEEE.

• Note

  • Yang HY, Yu SF, Liang HK, Lau SP, Pramana SS, Ferraris C, Cheng CW, Fan HJ. Correction to: Ultraviolet electroluminescence from randomly assembled n-SnO₂ nanowiresp-GaN:Mg heterojunction. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2010, 2(5), 1552-1552.

• Review

  • Saczek J, Yao X, Zivkovic V, Mamlouk M, Wang D, Pramana SS, Wang S. Long-Lived Liquid Marbles for Green Applications. Advanced Functional Materials 2021, 2011198.