Staff Profile

Introduction

I came to Newcastle in 2010 to develop world class collaborations between Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Newcastle University and the Institute of Neuroscience. I have a BSc (1st class) and MRes in Applied Physics from Liverpool University, and a PhD in Bioimaging from the Japan Advanced Institute for Science and Technology. After some time in the software industry, I did two post-doctoral projects at Imperial College before getting an RCUK fellowship in 2005. From 2005-2010 I was a lecturer and then senior lecturer at Imperial College, before coming to Newcastle, where I was promoted to reader, and then to full professor in 2019.

At the heart of my research is the pioneering use of CMOS-micro-LED optoelectronics in combination with optogenetic gene therapy solutions. These will lead to highly advanced forms of prosthetic intervention not previously possible. This has led to a number of highly cited papers in key biomedical engineering journals. Furthermore I have explored impact through patient trials and commercial translation.

To achieve my aims I have been part of a number of large research consortia. Between 2010-2014 I coordinated the FP7 OptoNeuro project. More recently I am the engineering team leader on the £10M CANDO project to develop a next-generation prosthesis for epilepsy. Currently I have a large highly dedicated team of RAs, and PhD students.

My research page can be found here:

https://www.neuroprosthesislab.org/ 

My google scholar profile can be found here, and my Scopus details can be found here

Qualifications

Certificate of Teaching and Learning - Imperial College, UK
PhD Bioelectronics and bioimaging - JAIST, Japan
MRes Surface Science - Liverpool University, UK
BSc Applied Physics (1st Class) - Liverpool University, UK

Previous Positions

2009-2010 Senior Lecturer in Neurobionics - Imperial College, London
2005-2009 Lecturer in Neurobionics - Imperial College, London
2002-2005 Post-doc - Imperial College, London
2001-2001 Software Engineer, Network Associates, Amsterdam

Memberships

IEEE, IOP, ARVO, SPIE, BioCAS

Languages

English, Dutch, Japanese

I am a member of the microsystems research group and my google scholar profile can be found here

Full details of my research can be found in my research page http://research.ncl.ac.uk/neuroprosthesis/ 

My core area of interest is in neuroprosthetic systems to help people with disabilities. For many years I have been working on retinal prosthesis. More recently, I have become interested in brain implants; visual cortical prosthesis and epileptic pacemakers. At the heart of these efforts is my pioneering use of CMOS-micro-LED optoelectronics in combination with optogenetic gene therapy solutions. 

Optogenetics is a gene therapy which can make specific neural cells in the body sensitive to particular wavelengths of light. This technique has been developed since its discovery in 2003 and is now nearing the point of the first human trials. To achieve full prosthetic control requires advanced optoelectronics which are being developed in this lab and in others.

Optogenetic epilepsy pacemaker

I am the engineering team leader of the flagship CANDO project to develop a new form of brain pacemaker to prevent seizure in patients with severe focal epilepsy. 

Visual prosthesis

I previously coordinated the FP7 OptoNeuro project to develop retinal prosthesis to bring back sight for those with Retinitis Pigmentosa. I am now interested in taking this research further to develop brain level prosthetics for those with glaucoma, trauma and other forms of full sight loss. 

Augmented vision

The same front end visual processing technology for visual prosthesis has applications in advanced visual aids for those with particle vision loss. I have been developing these devices and trials thereof at the Oxford and Western Eye(London) Hospitals.

Neuroinspired electronics

In the development of neural processing architectures for neuroprosthetic intervention, it is with exploring the methodologies already used in nature. When adapted to the silicon processing environment some of these neuromorphic techniques can be power efficient.

Research Staff

• Dr Reza Ramezani
• Dr Fahimeh Dekhoda
• Dr Jun Luo
• Dr Ahmed Soltan
• Mr Dimtiris Firfilionis

Postgraduate Supervision

• Nabeel Fattah
• Hubin Zhao
• Kaung Oo Htet
• Lijuan Zhang
• Ali Alameer
• Ghazal Ghazai
• Zi Choong
• Austin Ogweno
• Violet Rasool
• Xuanli Zhu

External visitors/visiting PhD students

• Mr Na Dong - South East University, China
• Mr Abram Williams - Helwan University Egypt
• Dr Walid Al Atabany - Helwan University, Egypt
  

Alumni

Dr Rolando Berlinguer-Palmini, [Imperial College pre - Sept 2010]: Muthu Murugeson (RA), Nahed Solouma (visiting fellow), Hwa Jeong Kim (visiting fellow), Muhammed Memon (visiting fellow), Brian McgGovern (RA), Nir Grossman(PhD & RA), Dr Soumyasanta Laha, Tassanai Parritokkoporn (PhD), Dr John Barrett (PhD), Dr Musa Al Yaman (PhD), Graeme Coapes (PhD)

Funding

• 2016-2018 Haptic Vision - Braille for the 21st Century, British Council
• 2014-2020 CANDO Epilepsy project (EPSRC/Wellcome Trust 102037/Z/13/Z)
• 2013-2013 Eyewriter translational project (MND Society)
• 2013-2015 Augmented Vision for Visually Impaired (Macular Society/Newcastle BMRC)
• 2013-2014 Restoration of Neural System Function (eFuturesXD)
• 2013 (Jan) Equipment fund (EPSRC/University)
• 2012-2013 Neurotechnology Sandpit (EPSRC K50340X)
• 2011-2012 Commercialising a optoelectronic neural stimulatoralising a optoelectronic neural stimulator (KTA)
• 2011-2011 Song of the Machine (Human Plus)
• 2010-2013 OptoNeuro: Platform for Optogenetic Neural stimulation  (EC FP7 249867) 
• 2008-2011 Enhancing ChR2 neural kinetics (BBSRC F021127) 
• 2010-2011 Motor Neurone prosthesis (Thierri Latran) 
• 2010-2013 Electronic visual aids for the visually impaired (Imperial BMRC)
• 2008-2011 Retinal Prosthetics (EPSRC F029241) 
• 2006-2007 Augmented Vision for the visually impaired (Royal Society)
• 2005-2007 Optogenetic Retinal Prosthesis. (Adv Nanotech)
• 2005-2010 RCUK Fellowship (RCUK)

Undergraduate Teaching

• MMB8019 - Sensory Systems and Neuroimaging
• EEE2014 - Semiconductor Devices and Enalog Electronics
• EEE2016 - Analog Electronics 

Postgraduate Teaching

• EEE8116 : Bioelectronics

if you have questions regarding my teaching, please contact me through Canvas or email me.

Undergraduate/MSc project supervision

Each year, I take on a number of different project students on the following programs:

3rd/4th year undergraduate programs in electronics, or physics

MSc in Embedded systems or Microelectronics

MSc in Biomedical Engineering

Projects vary each year and are listed in the handbook. They include implantable bioelectronics, biomedical telemetry, biomedical circuits, and algorithms for closed-loop processing. But I'm very keen on students defining their own projects as long as they are biomedical related.

Postgraduate Supervision

Each year I take on up to three talented individuals as PhD students. Funding for home students is via school DTA or Faculty DTA. Funding for overseas students is either through their own funds/scholarships, NUORS, or faculty DTA.  Please email me if you are interested.

• Ramezani R, Liu Y, Dekhoda F, Soltan A, Haci D, Zhao H, Firfilionis D, Hazra A, Cunningham M, Jackson A, Constandinou T, Degenaar P. On-Probe Neural Interface ASIC for Combined Electrical Recording and Optogenetic Stimulation. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 2018, 12(3), 576-588.
• Zhao Hubin, Soltan Ahmed, Maaskant Pleun, Dong Na, Sun Xiaohan, Degenaar Patrick. A Scalable Optoelectronic Neural Probe Architecture with Self-Diagnostic Capability. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I - Regular papers 2018, 65(8), 2431-2442.
• Dehkhoda F, Soltan A, Ponon N, Jackson A, ONeill A, Degenaar P. Self-sensing of temperature rises on light emitting diode based optrodes. Journal of Neural Engineering 2018, 15(2), 026012.
• Dong N, Berlinguer-Palmini R, Soltan A, Ponon N, O'Neil A, Travelyan A, Maaskant P, Degenaar P, Sun X. Opto‐electro‐thermal optimization of photonic probes for optogenetic neural stimulation. Journal of Biophotonics 2018, 11(10), e201700358.
• Ghazaei G, Alameer A, Degenaar P, Morgan G, Nazarpour K. Deep learning-based artificial vision for grasp classification in myoelectric hands. Journal of Neural Engineering 2017, 14(3), 036025.
• Soltan A, McGovern B, Drakakis E, Neil M, Maaskant P, Akhter M, Lee JS, Degenaar P. High density, high radiance µLED matrix for optogenetic retinal prostheses and planar neural stimulation. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 2017, 11(2), 347-359.
• Luo J, Nikolic K, Evans B, Dong N, Sun X, Andras P, Yakovlev A, Degenaar P. Optogenetics in Silicon: A Neural Processor for Predicting Optically Active Neural Networks. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 2017, 11(1), 15-27.
• Alameer A, Ghazaei G, Degenaar P, Chambers JA, Nazarpour K. Object recognition with an elastic net-regularized hierarchical MAX model of the visual cortex. IEEE Signal Processing Letters 2016, 28(8), 1062-1066.
• Luo JW, Coapes G, Mak T, Yamazaki T, Tin C, Degenaar P. Real-Time Simulation of Passage-of-Time Encoding in Cerebellum Using a Scalable FPGA-Based System. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 2016, 10(3), 742-753.
• Choong Z, Huo D, Degenaar P, O'Neill A. Effect of crystallographic orientation and employment of different cutting tools on micro-end-milling of monocrystalline silicon. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineering. Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 2016, 230(9), 1756-1764.
• Huo DH, Lin C, Choong Z, Pancholi K, Degenaar P. Surface and subsurface characterisation in micro-milling of monocrystalline silicon. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2015, 81(5-8), 1319-1331.
• Barrett JM, Degenaar P, Sernagor E. Blockade of pathological retinal ganglion cell hyperactivity improves optogenetically evoked light responses in rd1 mice. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 2015, 9, 330.
• Berlinguer-Palmini R, Narducci R, Merhan K, Dilaghi A, Moroni F, Masi A, Scartabelli T, Landucci E, Sili M, Schettini A, McGovern B, Maskaant P, Degenaar P, Mannaioni G. Arrays of MicroLEDs and Astrocytes: Biological Amplifiers to Optogenetically Modulate Neuronal Networks Reducing Light Requirement. PLoS One 2014, 9(9), 7.
• Barrett John, Berlinguer-Palmini Rolando, Degenaar Patrick. Optogenetic approaches to retinal prosthesis. Visual Neuroscience 2014, 31(4-5), 345-354.
• Kardoulaki EM, Glaros KN, Degenaar P, Katsiamis AG, Ip HMD, Drakakis EM. Measured hyperbolic-sine (sinh) CMOS results: A high-order 10 Hz-1 kHz notch filter for 50/60 Hz noise. Microelectronics Journal 2013, 44(12), 1268-1277.
• Nam S, Kim H, Degenaar P, Ha CS, Kim Y. Extremely slow photocurrent response from hemoprotein films in planar diode geometry. Applied Physics Letters 2012, 101, 223701.
• Parittotokkaporn T, Thomas DGT, Schneider A, Huq E, Davies BL, Degenaar P, Rodriguez-y-Baena F. Microtextured Surfaces for Deep-Brain Stimulation Electrodes: A Biologically Inspired Design to Reduce Lead Migration. World Neurosurgery 2012, 77(3-4), 569-576.
• Al-Atabany W, McGovern B, Mehran K, Berlinguer-Palmini R, Degenaar P. A processing platform for optoelectronic/optogenetic retinal prosthesis. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 2011, 60(3), 781-791.
• Grossman N, Nikolic K, Toumazou C, Degenaar P. Modeling Study of the Light Stimulation of a Neuron Cell With Channelrhodopsin-2 Mutants. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 2011, 58(6), 1742-1751.
• McGovern B, Palmini RB, Grossman N, Drakakis E, Poher V, Neil MAA, Degenaar P. A New Individually Addressable Micro-LED Array for Photogenetic Neural Stimulation. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 2010, 4(6, part 2), 469-476.
• Nikolic K, Loizu J, Degenaar P, Toumazou C. A stochastic model of the single photon response in Drosophila photoreceptors. Integrative Biology 2010, 2, 354-370.
• Al-Atabany WI, Memon MA, Downes SM, Degenaar PA. Designing and testing scene enhancement algorithms for patients with retina degenerative disorders. BioMedical Engineering Online 2010, 9, 27.
• Al-Atabany W, Tong T, Degenaar P. Improved content aware scene retargeting for retinitis pigmentosa patients. BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2010, 9, 52.
• Grossman N, Poher V, Grubb MS, Kennedy GT, Nikolic K, McGovern B, Palmini RB, Gong Z, Drakakis EM, Neil MAA, Dawson MD, Burrone J, Degenaar P. Multi-site optical excitation using ChR2 and micro-LED array. Journal of Neural Engineering 2010, 7(1), 016004.
• Huang Y, Drakakis EM, Degenaar P, Toumazou C. A CMOS image sensor with light-controlled oscillating pixels for an investigative optobionic retinal prosthesis system. Microelectronics Journal 2009, 40(8), 1202-1211.
• Degenaar P. Elucidating the nervous system with channelrhodopsins. Cell Science Reviews 2009, 6(1), 1-13.
• Kim H, Degenaar P, Kim Y. Insertion of a cytochrome c protein into a complex lipid monolayer under an electric field. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2009, 113(32), 14377-14380.
• Degenaar P, Grossman N, Memon MA, Burrone J, Dawson M, Drakakis E, Neil M, Nikolic K. Optobionic vision: a new genetically enhanced light on retinal prosthesis. Journal of Neural Engineering 2009, 6(3), 035007.
• Nikolic K, Grossman N, Grubb MS, Burrone J, Toumazou C, Degenaar P. Photocycles of channelrhodopsin-2. Photochemistry and Photobiology 2009, 85(1), 400-411.
• Chen LC, Degenaar P, Bradley DDC. Polymer transfer printing: application to layer coating, pattern definition, and diode dark current blocking. Advanced Materials 2008, 20(9), 1679-1683.
• Poher V, Grossman N, Kennedy GT, Nikolic K, Zhang HX, Gong Z, Drakakis EM, Gu E, Dawson MD, French PMW, Degenaar P, Neil MAA. Micro-LED arrays: a tool for two-dimensional neuron stimulation. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2008, 41(9), 094014.
• Banks DJ, Degenaar P, Toumazou C. Low-power pulse-width-modulated neuromorphic spiking circuit allowing signed double byte data transfer along a single channel. Electronics Letters 2007, 43(13), 704-706.
• Nikolic K, Loizu J, Degenaar P, Toumazou C. Noise reduction in analogue computation of Drosophilia photoreceptors. Journal of Computational Electronics 2008, 7(3), 458-461.
• Degenaar P, Constandinou TG, Toumazou C. Adaptive ON-OFF spiking photoreceptor. Electronics Letters 2006, 42(4), 196-198.
• Banks DJ, Degenaar P, Toumazou C. Distributed current-mode image processing filters. Electronics Letters 2005, 41(22), 1201-1202.
• Akagi Y, Hashigasako A, Degenaar P, Iwabuchi S, Hasan Q, Morita Y, Tamiya E. Enzyme-linked sensitive fluorometric imaging of glutamate release from cerebral neurons of chick embryos. Journal of Biochemistry 2003, 134(3), 353-358.
• Griscom L, Degenaar P, Le Pioufle B, Tamiya E, Fujita H. Techniques for patterning and guidance of primary culture neurons on micro-electrode arrays. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 2002, 83(1-3), 15-21.
• Griscom L, Degenaar P, Le Pioufle B, Tamiya E, Fujita H. Cell placement and neural guidance using a three-dimensional microfludic array. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 2001, 40(9A), 5485-5490.
• Degenaar P, Le Pioufle B, Griscom L, Tixier A, Akagi Y, Morita Y, Murakami Y, Yokoyama K, Fujita H, Tamiya E. A method for micrometer resolution patterning of primary culture neurons for SPM analysis. Journal of Biochemistry 2001, 130(3), 367-376.
• Ramezani R, Dehkhoda F, Soltan A, Degenaar P, Liu Y, Constandinou T. An Optrode with Built-in Self-Diagnostic and Fracture Sensor for Cortical Brain Stimulation. In: 2016 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). 2017, Shanghai: IEEE.
• Alameer A, Degenaar P, Nazarpour K. Biologically-inspired object recognition system for recognizing natural scene categories. In: International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ISCAE). 2016, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: IEEE.
• Dehkhoda F, Soltan A, Ramezani R, Degenaar P. Biphasic Micro-LED Driver for Optogenetics. In: 2016 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). 2016, Shanghai: IEEE.
• Ogweno A, Degenaar P, Khomenko V, Yakovlev A. A Fixed Window Level Crossing ADC with Activity Dependent Power Dissipation. In: 2016 14th IEEE International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS). 2016, Vancouver, BC, Canada: IEEE.
• Choong ZJ, Huo D, Degenaar P, O'Neill A. Micro-Machinability Studies of Single Crystal Silicon Using Diamond End-Mill. In: ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. 2016, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
• Akhter M, Lee JS, Maaskant PP, Rensing M, Nudds N, O'Brien P, Degenaar P, Corbett B. A LED micro-display with 90×90 pixels on a 80 μm pitch. In: 20th European Microelectronics and Packaging Conference and Exhibition: Enabling Technologies for a Better Life and Future, EMPC 2015. 2015, Friedrichshafen, Germany: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Akhter M, Lee JS, Maaskant PP, Rensing M, Nudds N, O'Brien P, Degenaar P, Corbett B. A LED Micro-Display with 90x90 Pixels on a 80 mu m Pitch. In: 2015 European Microelectronics Packaging Conference (EMPC). 2015, Friedrichshafen, Germany: IEEE.
• Ogweno A, Yakovlev A, Degenaar P. Power Gating in Asynchronous Micropiplines for Low Power Data Driven Computing. In: 11th Conference on Ph.D. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME) 2015. 2015, Glasgow, UK: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
• Zhao H, Dehkhoda F, Ramezani R, Sokolov D, Degenaar P. A CMOS-based Neural Implantable Optrode for Optogenetic Stimulation and Electrical Recording. In: 2015 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). 2015, Atlanta, Georgia, USA: IEEE.
• Fattah N, Laha S, Sokolov D, Chester G, Degenaar P. Wireless Data and Power Transfer of an Optogenetic Implantable Visual Cortex Stimulator. In: 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). 2015, Milan: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
• Dehkhoda F, Soltan A, Ramezani R, Zhao H, Liu Y, Constandinou T, Degenaar P. Smart Optrode for Neural Stimulation and Sensing. In: 2015 IEEE Sensors. 2015, Busan, South Korea: IEEE.
• Al Yaman M, Al-Atabany W, Bystrov A, Degenaar P. FPGA design for dual-spectrum Visual Scene Preparation in Retinal Prosthesis. In: 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). 2014, Chicago, Illinois, USA: IEEE.
• Luo JW, Degenaar P, Coapes G, Yakovlev A, Mak T, Andras P. Towards Reliable Hybrid Bio-Silicon Integration Using Novel Adaptive Control System. In: 2013 IEEE International Sysmposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). 2013, Beijing, China: IEEE.
• Luo JW, Coapes G, Mak T, Yamazaki T, Tin C, Degenaar P. A Scalable FPGA-based Cerebellum for Passage-of-Time Representation. In: 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). 2014, Chicago, IL, USA: IEEE.
• Soltan A, Zhao HB, Chaudet L, Neil M, Maaskant P, Degenaar P. An 8100 pixel optoelectronic array for optogenetic retinal prosthesis. In: 2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). 2014, Lausanne, Switzerland: IEEE.
• Luo JW, Coapes G, Degenaar P, Yamazaki T, Mak T, Tin C. A real-time silicon cerebellum spiking neural model based on FPGA. In: 14th International Symposium on Integrated Circuits (ISIC). 2014, Singapore: IEEE.
• Al-Yaman M, Ghani A, Bystrov A, Degenaar P, Maaskant P. FPGA design of a pulse encoder for optoelectronic neural stimulation and recording arrays. In: IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). 2013, Rotterdam, The Netherlands: IEEE.
• Chaudet L, Neil M, Degenaar P, Mehran K, Berlinguer-Palmini R, Corbet B, Maaskant P, Rogerson D, Lanigan P, Bamberg E, Roska B. Development of optics with micro-LED arrays for improved opto-electronic neural stimulation. In: Optogenetics: Optical Methods for Cellular Control. 2013, San Francisco, CA, USA: International Society for Optical Engineering.
• Al-Atabany W, Degenaar P. Scene Optimization for Optogenetic Retinal Prosthesis. In: IEEE Conference on Biomedical Circuits and Systems. 2011, San Diego, California, USA: IEEE.
• McGovern B, Drakakis EM, Neil N, O'Brian P, Corbett B, Berlinguer-Palmini R, Degenaar P. Individually addressable optoelectronic arrays for optogenetic neural stimulation. In: IEEE Conference on Biomedical Circuits and Systems. 2011, San Diego, California, USA: IEEE.
• Parittotokkaporn T, Frasson L, Schneider A, Davies BL, Degenaar P, Rodriguez-y-Baena F. Insertion experiments of a biologically inspired microtextured and multi-part probe based on reciprocal motion. In: IEEE International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). 2010, Buenos Aires, Argentina: IEEE.
• Grossman N, Nikolic K, Poher V, McGovern B, Drankasis E, Neil M, Toumazou C, Degenaar P. Photostimulator for optogenetic retinal prosthesis. In: 4th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER '09). 2009, Antalya, Turkey: IEEE.
• Degenaar P, Grossman N, Berlinguer-Palmini R, McGovern B, Pohrer V, Drakakis E, Dawson M, Toumazou C, Burrone J, Nikolic K, Neil M. Optoelectronic microarrays for retinal prosthesis. In: IEEE Conference on Biomedical Circuits and Systems. BioCAS 2009. 2009, Beijing: IEEE Xplore.
• Parittotokkaporn T, Frasson L, Schneider A, Huq SE, Davies BL, Degenaar P, Biesenack J, Rodriguez y Baena FM. Soft tissue traversal with zero net force: Feasibility study of a biologically inspired design based on reciprocal motion. In: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). 2009, Bangkok, Thailand: IEEE.
• Huang Y, Drakakis EM, Toumazou C, Degenaar P. A CMOS image sensor with spiking pixels for retinal stimulation. In: IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). 2008, Seattle, WA: IEEE.
• Atabany W, Degenaar P. A robust edge enhancement approach for low vision patients using scene simplification. In: Cairo International Biomedical Engineering Conference (CIBEC 2008). 2008, Cairo, Egypt: IEEE.
• Frasson L, Parittotokkaporn T, Schneider A, Davies BL, Vincent JFV, Huq SE, Degenaar P, Rodriguez y Baena FM. Biologically inspired microtexturing: Investigation into the surface topography of next-generation neurosurgical probes. In: 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS 2008). 2008, Vancouver, Canada: IEEE.
• Atabany W, Degenaar P. Parallelism to reduce power consumption on FPGA spatiotemporal image processing. In: IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). 2008, Seattle, WA: IEEE.
• Banks D, Degenaar P, Toumazou C. A bio-inspired adaptive retinal processing neuron with multiplexed spiking outputs. In: IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). 2007, New Orleans, LA: IEEE.
• Nikolic K, Grossman N, Yan H, Drakakis E, Toumazou C, Degenaar P. A non-invasive retinal prosthesis - testing the concept. In: 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS 2008). 2007, Lyon, France: IEEE.
• Constandinou TG, Degenaar P, Toumazou C. An adaptable foveating vision chip. In: IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2006). 2006, Kos, Greece: IEEE.
• Huang y, Drakakis EM, Toumazou C, Nikolic K, Degenaar P. An optoelectronic platform for retinal prosthesis. In: IEEE Conference on Biomedical Circuits and Systems. 2006, London, UK: IEEE.
• Nikolic K, Degenaar P, Toumazou C. Modeling and engineering aspects of ChannelRhodopsin2 system for neural photostimulation. In: 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology (EMBS). 2006, New York, NY: IEEE.
• Gamez MA, Degenaar P. Reducing collision noise in asynchronous vision chips. In: 49th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS '06). 2006, San Juan, PR: IEEE.
• Constandinou T, Degenaar P, Bradley D, Toumazou C. An on/off spiking photoreceptor for adaptive ultrafast/ultrawide dynamic range vision chips. In: 2004 IEEE International Workshop on Biomedical Circuits and Systems. 2004, Singapore: IEEE.
• Griscom L, Degenaar P, Denoual M, Morin F. Culturing of neurons in microfludic arrays. In: 2nd Annual International IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology. 2002, Madison, WI: IEEE.
• Al-Atabany W, Memon M, Downes S, Degenaar P. Vision Improvement for Patients with Retinal Degeneration. In: The Seventh IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (BioMed). 2010, Innsbruck, Austria: IASTED.
• Griscom L, Degenaar P, Le Pioufle B, Tamiya E, Fujita H. Soft lithographic techniques for guidance of hippocampal neurons on micro-electrode arrays. In: 11th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators. 2001, Munich, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
• Degenaar P, Murakami Y, Yokoyama K, Tamiya E, Le Pioufle B, Fujita Y. Near-field imaging of neurotransmitter release and uptake in patterned neuron networks. In: 2nd Conference on Scanning and Force Microscopies for Biomedical Applications. 2000, San Jose, CA: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).
• Degenaar P, Banks D. Analog Retinomorphic Circuitry to Perform Retinal and Retinal Inspired Processing. In: Bharath, Anil and Petrou, Maria, ed. Next Generation Artificial Vision Systems: Reverse Engineering the Human Visual System. Boston: Artech House, 2008, pp.289-333.
• Degenaar P, Nikolic K, Banks D, Chen L. Organic semiconductor photoreceptors to mimic human rods and cones. In: Bharath, Anil and Petrou, Maria, ed. Next Generation Artificial Vision Systems: Reverse Engineering the Human Visual System. Boston: Artech House, 2008.
• Degenaar P, Tamiya E. Near-field optics in biology. In: Fujita, Hiroyuki, ed. Micromachines as Tools for Nanotechnology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003, pp.83-120.
• Xia L, Fattah N, Soltan A, Jackson A, Chester G, Degenaar P. A low power flash-FPGA based brain implant micro-system of PID control. In: 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). 2017, Seogwipo, South Korea: IEEE.
• Soltan A, Passetti G, Maaskant P, Degenaar P. High density μlED array for retinal prothesis with a eye-tracking system. In: 2016 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS 2016). 2017, Shanghai, China: IEEE.
• Choong ZJ, Huo D, Degenaar P, O'neill A. Investigation of edge-chipping reduction on silicon micro-milling. In: 16th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology (EUSPEN 2016). 2016, Nottingham, UK: EUSPEN.
• Alameer A, Ghazaei G, Degenaar P, Nazarpour K. An elastic net-regularized HMAX model of visual processing. In: 2nd IET International Conference on Intelligent Signal Processing 2015 (ISP). 2015, London, UK: Institution of Engineering and Technology.
• Ghazaei G, Alameer A, Degenaar P, Morgan G, Nazarpour K. An exploratory study on the use of convolutional neural networks for object grasp classification. In: 2nd IET International Conference on Intelligent Signal Processing 2015 (ISP). 2015, London, UK: Institution of Engineering and Technology.
• Zhao H, Sokolov D, Degenaar P. An implantable optrode with Self-diagnostic function in 0.35μm CMOS for optical neural stimulation. In: IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, (BioCAS). 2014, Lausanne, Switzerland: IEEE.
• Dehkhoda F, Soltan A, Ponon N, O'Neill A, Degenaar P. LED-Based Temperature Sensor. In: 13th IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS 2017). 2017, Torino, Italy: IEEE.
• Choong ZJ, Huo D, Degenaar P, O'Neill A. Micro-machining of monocrystalline silicon with improved edge quality. In: 17th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2017. 2017, Hannover, Germany: euspen.
• Degenaar P. Photonic interaction with the nervous system. In: CMOS Circuits for Biological Sensing and Processing. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp.233-258.
• Alameer A, Degenaar P, Nazarpour K. Processing occlusions using elastic-net hierarchical MAX model of the visual cortex. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on INnovations in Intelligent SysTems and Applications, INISTA 2017. 2017, Gdynia, Poland: IEEE.
• Dong N, Jiang W, Degenaar P, Sun X. Optical waveguide mode selection based pattern-adjustable optrode for optogenetics. In: Optics and the Brain 2015. 2015, Vancouver, BC, Canada: The Optical Society.
• Ghazaei G, Degenaar P, Nazarpour K. Real-time evaluation of deep learning-based artificial vision for control of myoelectric hands. In: MEC: Myoelectric Controls Symposium. 2017. 2017, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada: University of New Brunswick.
• Soltan A, Xia L, Jackson A, Chester G, Degenaar P. Fractional order PID system for suppressing epileptic activities. In: Proceedings of 4th IEEE International Conference on Applied System Innovation 2018, ICASI 2018. 2018, Chiba, Japan: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Luo JW, Firfilionis D, Ramezani R, Dehkhoda F, Soltan A, Degenaar P, Liu Y, Constandinou T. Live demonstration: A closed-loop cortical brain implant for optogenetic curing epilepsy. In: 2017 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, (BioCAS 2017). 2018, Turin, Italy: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Jaafar B, Neasham J, Chester G, Degenaar P. Ultrasonic wireless powering link of visual cortical prosthesis implant. In: IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS 2017). 2018, Turin, Italy: IEEE.
• Yanagida T, Tamiya E, Muramatsu H, Degenaar P, Ishii Y, Sako Y, Saito K, Ohta-Iino S, Ogawa S, Marriott G, Kusumi A, Tatsumi H. Near-field microscopy for biomolecular systems. In: Kawata, S; Ohtsu, M; Irie, M, ed. Nano-Optics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2002, pp.191-236.
• Choong ZJ, Huo D, Degenaar P, O'Neill A. Edge chipping minimisation strategy for milling of monocrystalline silicon: A molecular dynamics study. Applied Surface Science 2019, 486, 166-178.
• Choong ZJ, Huo D, Degenaar P, O'Neill A. Micro-machinability and edge chipping mechanism studies on diamond micro-milling of monocrystalline silicon. Journal of Manufacturing Processes 2019, 38, 93-103.
• Xia L, Soltan A, Luo J, Chester G, Degenaar P. A Flash-FPGA based Rodent Control System for Closed-loop Optogenetic Control of Epilepsy. In: 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). 2018, Florence, Italy: IEEE.
• Soltan A, Barrett J, Maaskant P, Chaudet L, Al-Atabany W, Akhter M, Armstrong N, Corbett B, Neil M, Sernagor E, Degenaar P. A Head Mounted Device Stimulator for Optogenetic Retinal Prosthesis. Journal of Neural Engineering 2018, 15(6), 065002.
• Al-Atabany W, Al-Yaman M, Degenaar P. Visible/IR imaging spectrum for maximizing scene perception in retinal prosthesis. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2018, 2018, 3493826.
• Al-Atabany W, Degenaar P. Efficient scene preparation and downscaling prior to stimulation in retinal prosthesis. In: Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS 2013). 2013, Rotterdam, Netherlands: IEEE.
• Choong ZJ, Huo D, Ponon N, Savidis R, Degenaar P, O'Neill A. A novel hybrid technique to fabricate silicon-based micro-implants with near defect-free quality for neuroprosthetics application. Materials Science and Engineering C 2020, 110, 110737.
• Hou Z, Al-Atabany W, Farag R, Vuong QC, Mokhov A, Degenaar P. A scalable data transmission scheme for implantable optogenetic visual prostheses. Journal of Neural Engineering 2020, 17(5), 055001.
• Vuong QC, Shaaban AM, Black C, Smith J, Nassar M, Abozied A, Degenaar P, Al-Atabany W. Detection of simulated tactile gratings by electro-static friction show a dependency on bar width for blind and sighted observers, and preliminary neural correlates in sighted observers. Frontiers in Neuroscience 2020, 14, 548030.
• Freitas L, Scott III WE, Degenaar P. Medicine-by-wire: Practical considerations on formal techniques for dependable medical systems. Science of Computer Programming 2020, 200, 102545.
• Alameer A, Degenaar P, Nazarpour K. Objects and scenes classification with selective use of central and peripheral image content. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 2020, 66, 102698.
• Luo J, Firflionis D, Turnbull M, Xu W, Walsh D, Escobedo-Cousin E, Soltan A, Ramezani R, Liu Y, Bailey R, O'Neill A, Shah Idil A, Donaldson N, Constandinou T, Jackson A, Degenaar P. The Neural Engine: A Reprogrammable Low Power Platform for Closed-loop Optogenetics. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 2020, 67(11), 3004-3015.
• Jaafar B, Luo JW, Firfilionis D, Soltan A, Neasham J, Degenaar P. Ultrasound intra body multi node communication system for bioelectronic medicine. Sensors 2020, 20(1), 31.
• Dehkhoda F, Soltan A, Ponon N, O'Neill A, Jackson A, Degenaar P. A current-mode system to self-measure temperature on implantable optoelectronics. BioMedical Engineering Online 2019, 18(1), 117.
• Petkos K, Koutsoftidis S, Guiho T, Degenaar P, Jackson A, Greenwald SE, Brown P, Denison T, Drakakis EM. A high-performance 8 nV/√Hz 8-channel wearable and wireless system for real-time monitoring of bioelectrical signals. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2019, 16(1), 156.
• Alameer A, Degenaar P, Nazarpour K. Context-based Object Recognition: Indoor Versus Outdoor Environments. In: Advances in Computer Vision: Proceedings of the 2019 Computer Vision Conference (CVC 2019). 2019, Las Vegas, USA: Springer, Cham.